Boosting chlorobenzene oxidation over MIL-101(Cr) derived CrO catalysts: The stepwise regulation of CrO clusters and oxygen species by calcination atmospheres.

In this work, CrO catalysts derived from MIL-101(Cr) were prepared for the oxidation of chlorobenzene (CB). The atmosphere of calcination had great effect on the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts. Only the atmosphere of Ar could carbonize and preserve the organic ligands in the structure, retaining the micropore structure and high surface area of MIL-101(Cr).

Syngas Production from CO and HO via Solid-Oxide Electrolyzer Cells: Fundamentals, Materials, Degradation, Operating Conditions, and Applications.

Highly efficient coelectrolysis of CO/HO into syngas (a mixture of CO/H), and subsequent syngas conversion to fuels and value-added chemicals, is one of the most promising alternatives to reach the corner of zero carbon strategy and renewable electricity storage. This research reviews the current state-of-the-art advancements in the coelectrolysis of CO/HO in solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOECs) to produce the important syngas intermediate. The overviews of the latest research on the operating principles and thermodynamic and kinetic models are included for both oxygen-ion- and proton-conducting SOECs.

Erratum: Ascorbic acid induced HepG2 cells' apoptosis via intracellular reductive stress: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.33783.

A differential study on oxidized/reduced ascorbic acid induced tumor cells' apoptosis under hypoxia.

The anticancer mechanism for reduced/oxidized ascorbic acid (AA/DHA) is of great significance for clinical cancer therapies. A pH controlled fluorescent nanocarrier was designed to targetably deliver AA and DHA into tumor cells for investigating their function in inducing intracellular apoptosis pathways. A fluorescent silicon nanoparticle with polymer coating serves as the pH controlled nanocarrier to deliver AA or DHA into HepG2 and B16-F10 cells for studying their biological functions.

Adsorption of low-concentration VOCs on various adsorbents: Correlating partition coefficient with surface energy of adsorbent.

Accurately evaluating the adsorption properties of various adsorbents by some parameter is of great significance to select an appropriate adsorbent and remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) efficiently. In this study, we successfully found a new parameter as a common standard in selecting adsorbents. Six classical adsorbents containing three carbon materials and three porous polymeric resins were used, and their surface energy (γ) and corresponding gas-solid partition coefficients (K) of eleven VOCs were measured by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at three different column temperatures of 343 K(or 353 K), 373 K and 403 K.

Predicting adsorption coefficients of VOCs using polyparameter linear free energy relationship based on the evaluation of dispersive and specific interactions.

Predicting adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on activated carbons is of major importance to understand activated carbons' adsorption properties and explore their potential applications. In this study, adsorption of 38 VOCs on a commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) was examined using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution, and the adsorption coefficients (K), dispersive and specific components of adsorption free energy were calculated. We found that the dispersive interaction was well described by adsorbate's molar polarizability (P), and the specific interactions well by dipolarity/polarizability (S), hydrogen-bond acidity (A) and hydrogen-bond basicity (B).

Ascorbic acid induced HepG2 cells' apoptosis intracellular reductive stress.

: Destruction of the redox balance in tumor cells is of great significance for triggering their apoptosis in clinical applications. We designed a pH sensitive multifunctional drug nanocarrier with controllable release of ascorbic acid under hypoxic environment to induce tumor cells' apoptosis enhancing reductive stress, thereby dealing minimum damage to normal tissues. : A core-shell nanostructure of CdTe quantum dots with mesoporous silica coating was developed and functionalized with poly(2-vinylpyridine)-polyethylene glycol-folic acid, which achieves cancer cells' targeting delivery and reversibly pH controlled release of ascorbic acid both and .

Dicyanoisophorone-Based Near-Infrared-Emission Fluorescent Probe for Detecting NAD(P)H in Living Cells and in Vivo.

NADH and NADPH are ubiquitous coenzymes in all living cells that play vital roles in numerous redox reactions in cellular energy metabolism. To accurately detect the distribution and dynamic changes of NAD(P)H under physiological conditions is essential for understanding their biological functions and pathological roles. In this work, we developed a near-infrared (NIR)-emission fluorescent small-molecule probe (DCI-MQ) composed of a dicyanoisophorone chromophore conjugated to a quinolinium moiety for in vivo NAD(P)H detection.

Generation of cylindrical vector beams and optical vortex by two acoustically induced fiber gratings with orthogonal vibration directions.

Mode coupling from the fundamental vector mode (HE11x) to the cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) and optical vortex beams (OVBs) of a few-mode fiber excited by two acoustic flexural waves with orthogonal perturbations is achieved by using a composite acoustic transducer. The HE11x mode is converted to TM and TE modes, which have radial and azimuthal polarizations, by using the lowest-order acoustic flexural modes of F11x and F11y, respectively. Furthermore, HE11x mode can also be converted to the ± 1-order OVBs of HE21even±iHE21odd through the combined acoustic modes of F11x±iF11y.

Generation of femtosecond optical vortex pulse in fiber based on an acoustically induced fiber grating.

We proposed a method for generation of a femtosecond optical vortex pulse in a two-mode fiber based on an acoustically induced fiber grating (AIFG) driven by a radio frequency source. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrated that the left- and right-handed circular polarization fundamental modes of the femtosecond optical pulse could be converted to the linearly polarized ±1-order optical vortex modes through the AIFG with the mode conversion efficiency of ∼95%. The off-axial interference experiment and the polarization angle-dependent intensity examination were performed to verify the topological charge and the polarization state of the femtosecond optical vortex, respectively.

High-order optical vortex generation in a few-mode fiber via cascaded acoustically driven vector mode conversion.

We propose a method to generate the high-order optical vortex in a few-mode fiber via cascaded acoustically driven vector mode conversion. Theoretical analysis showed that the vector mode conversion induced by the acoustically induced fiber grating (AIFG) could occur between two HE modes with adjacent azimuthal numbers. In the experiment conducted at 532 nm, two AIFGs were simultaneously induced in the same segment of the fiber by a radio frequency source containing two different frequency components.

Optical vortex generation with wavelength tunability based on an acoustically-induced fiber grating.

We presented a method to actualize the optical vortex generation with wavelength tunability via an acoustically-induced fiber grating (AIFG) driven by a radio frequency source. The circular polarization fundamental mode could be converted to the first-order optical vortex through the AIFG, and its topological charges were verified by the spiral pattern of coaxial interference between the first-order optical vortex and a Gaussian-reference beam. A spectral tuning range from 1540 nm to 1560 nm was demonstrated with a wavelength tunability slope of 4.

Cylindrical vector beam generation in fiber with mode selectivity and wavelength tunability over broadband by acoustic flexural wave.

Theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration are presented for the generation of cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) via mode conversion in fiber from HE mode to TM and TE modes, which have radial and azimuthal polarizations, respectively. Intermodal coupling is caused by an acoustic flexural wave applied on the fiber, whereas polarization control is necessary for the mode conversion, i.e.