Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Bleeding Risk: Considerations for the Consult-Liaison Psychiatrist.

Purpose Of Review: To present a clinically oriented review of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-related bleeding issues commonly addressed by consult-liaison psychiatrists.

Recent Findings: Concomitant medical, surgical, or hospital-based conditions exacerbate the risk of SSRI-related bleeding even though a review of the literature suggests it is only marginally elevated. Psychiatrists and other clinicians need to consider these conditions along with antidepressant benefits when answering the question: to start, hold, continue, or change the antidepressant? Where an evidence base is limited, mechanistic understanding may help consult-liaison psychiatrists navigate this terrain and collaborate with other medical specialties on responsible antidepressant management.

Proactive C-L Psychiatry Beyond Academic Hospital Settings: A Pilot Study of Effectiveness in a Suburban Community Hospital.

Background: Proactive consultation-liaison psychiatry improves identification of psychiatric needs and reduces time to psychiatric consultation and length of stay (LOS) among medical inpatients in academic clinical settings.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a proactive model on LOS, consult rate, and consultation latency in a nonacademic community hospital.

Methods: We implemented a modified proactive consultation-liaison service (PCS) in a 32-bed acute care medical-surgical unit in a community hospital.

Invasive non-native species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the Antarctic Peninsula region.

The Antarctic is considered to be a pristine environment relative to other regions of the Earth, but it is increasingly vulnerable to invasions by marine, freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. The Antarctic Peninsula region (APR), which encompasses the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands, is by far the most invaded part of the Antarctica continent. The risk of introduction of invasive non-native species to the APR is likely to increase with predicted increases in the intensity, diversity and distribution of human activities.

Nationwide genetic testing towards eliminating Lafora disease from Miniature Wirehaired Dachshunds in the United Kingdom.

Background: Canine DNA-testing has become an important tool in purebred dog breeding and many breeders use genetic testing results when planning their breeding strategies. In addition, information obtained from testing of hundreds dogs in one breed gives valuable information about the breed-wide genotype frequency of disease associated allele. Lafora disease is a late onset, recessively inherited genetic disease which is diagnosed in Miniature Wirehaired Dachshunds (MWHD).

Lafora disease in miniature Wirehaired Dachshunds.

Lafora disease (LD) is an autosomal recessive late onset, progressive myoclonic epilepsy with a high prevalence in the miniature Wirehaired Dachshund. The disease is due to a mutation in the Epm2b gene which results in intracellular accumulation of abnormal glycogen (Lafora bodies). Recent breed-wide testing suggests that the carrier plus affected rate may be as high as 20%.

Towards the development of a sustainable soya bean-based feedstock for aquaculture.

Soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is sought after for both its oil and protein components.

Heterogeneity of planarian stem cells in the S/G2/M phase.

The planarian adult stem cell (pASC) population has a specific molecular signature and can be easily visualized and isolated by flow cytometry. However, the lack of antibodies against specific surface markers for planarian cells prevents a deeper analysis of specific cell populations. Here, if we describe the results of the immunoscreening of pASC plasma membrane proteins (PMPs).

Absence of OCT4 expression in somatic tumor cell lines.

The POU-domain transcription factor OCT4 is associated with the pluripotent state of cells comprising the inner cell mass of pre-implantation embryos and has been known to play a critical role in the maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Reactivation of OCT4 expression is postulated to occur in differentiated cells that have undergone carcinogenesis, or tumor formation. In contrast to earlier studies, recent reports describe OCT4 expression in several human tumor cell lines.

Sexual behaviour in Euplotes raikovi is accompanied by pheromone-induced modifications of ionic currents.

In the marine ciliate Euplotes raikovi, pheromone released by a complementary mating type (nonself pheromone) induces typical sexual behaviour, whereas self pheromone released by the same mating type generally has no effect. Nonself pheromone evokes a reduction of the mean walking speed by 66 %, a threefold increase in the frequency and duration of long-lasting rest phases and a doubling in the number of side-stepping reactions. Consequently, translocation is strongly reduced and the cells remain in a small area.

An immunosensor based on disposable electrodes for rapid estimation of fatty acid-binding protein, an early marker of myocardial infarction.

An immunosensor was developed that allows the rapid estimation of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) in neat plasma samples. FABP is released into the blood following myocardial infarction and elevated levels are found already 3 h after onset of symptoms. The sensor is based on screen-printed graphite working and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes and an immunosandwich procedure for the quantification of FABP.

Cell proliferation-associated nuclear antigen defined by antibody Ki-67: a new kind of cell cycle-maintaining proteins.

A decade of studies on the human nuclear antigen defined by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (the "Ki-67 protein") has made it abundantly clear that this structure is strictly associated with human cell proliferation and that the expression of this protein can be used to assess the growth fraction of a given cell population. Until recently the Ki-67 protein was described as a nonhistone protein that is highly susceptible to protease treatment. We have isolated and sequenced cDNAs encoding for this antigen and found two isoforms of the full length cDNA of 11.

Assessment of cell proliferation by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the detection of the Ki-67 protein.

A new ELISA system for the estimation of cell proliferation based on the detection of the Ki-67 protein is described. This protein has turned out to be strictly correlated to all active parts of the cell cycle, i.e.

Epitope analysis of antibodies recognising the cell proliferation associated nuclear antigen previously defined by the antibody Ki-67 (Ki-67 protein).

AIMS--To elucidate the fine specificities of the antibodies MIB 1 and MIB 3 and of additional monoclonal antibodies which also recognise the Ki-67 protein (MIB 5, IND.64, JG-67-2a). METHODS--Different parts of the Ki-67 protein cDNA were expressed in Escherichia coli.

New antiserum against Ki-67 antigen suitable for double immunostaining of paraffin wax sections.

Aims: To prepare a rabbit antiserum equivalent to MIB 1 to permit the simultaneous assessment of cell proliferation and other markers of interest using double labelling studies.

Methods: Rabbits were immunised with a synthetic peptide deduced from the cDNA sequence coding for the Ki-67 antigen. Serum samples were tested for immunoreactivity using different immunobiochemical methods.

The cell proliferation-associated antigen of antibody Ki-67: a very large, ubiquitous nuclear protein with numerous repeated elements, representing a new kind of cell cycle-maintaining proteins.

The antigen defined by mAb Ki-67 is a human nuclear protein the expression of which is strictly associated with cell proliferation and which is widely used in routine pathology as a "proliferation marker" to measure the growth fraction of cells in human tumors. Ki-67 detects a double band with apparent molecular weights of 395 and 345 kD in immunoblots of proteins from proliferating cells. We cloned and sequenced the full length cDNA, identified two differentially spliced isoforms of mRNA with open reading frames of 9,768 and 8,688 bp encoding for this cell proliferation-associated protein with calculated molecular weights of 358,761 D and 319,508 D, respectively.

Antigen unmasking on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

Enzymatic and non-enzymatic treatments for antigen unmasking on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, dewaxed sections were optimized and compared by the use of a panel of antibodies of diagnostic relevance (anti-cytokeratins, vimentin, S-100, T- and B-cell receptors, Ki-67/MIB 1, muscle actin). Non-enzymatic unmasking was obtained by boiling the slides in a microwave oven in 0.01 M salt solution (pH 6) or in 6 M urea.

New Ki-67-equivalent murine monoclonal antibodies (MIB 1-3) generated against bacterially expressed parts of the Ki-67 cDNA containing three 62 base pair repetitive elements encoding for the Ki-67 epitope.

Background: The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 reacts with a human nuclear cell proliferation-associated antigen that is expressed in all cells that are not in G0. Recently, we could demonstrate that Ki-67 detects a double band in Western blots of proliferating cells with apparent molecular weights of 345 kilodaltons and 395 kilodaltons, respectively. Furthermore, initial molecular biologic data favored the view that the epitope detected by Ki-67 might be encoded by a repetitive 66 bp element.

Monoclonal antibodies against recombinant parts of the Ki-67 antigen (MIB 1 and MIB 3) detect proliferating cells in microwave-processed formalin-fixed paraffin sections.

The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 reacts with a human nuclear cell proliferation-associated antigen that is expressed in all active parts of the cell cycle. Recently we have raised monoclonal antibodies, MIB 1-3, against recombinant parts of the Ki-67 antigen. These antibodies are true Ki-67 equivalents, as demonstrated by immunostaining of fresh specimens, biochemistry, and molecular biological techniques.

Production of a monoclonal antibody (IND.64) identifying a cell cycle-associated antigen using spleen cells from nude mice bearing Ichikawa tumour.

Using spleen cells from athymic nude mice grafted with Ichikawa tumour, we have generated the monoclonal antibody IND.64, which detects a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen. Immunoblotting analysis with IND.

Monoclonal antibody JC1: new reagent for studying cell proliferation.

Aim: To characterise a newly developed mouse monoclonal antibody JC1 which recognises a nuclear antigen present in proliferating cells in normal tissues and neoplastic lesions, and which is absent in resting cells.

Methods: The methodology was established using a representative range of frozen sections from normal tissues and from certain tumours which were immunostained with antibodies Ki67 and JC1. The molecular weight of the antigen recognised by JC1 was obtained by western blot analysis and this was compared with that of Ki67.