Chitooligosaccharide enhances plant resistance to P. nicotianae via sugar homeostasis and microorganism assembly.

Phytophthora nicotianae is a highly destructive soil-borne plant pathogen that leads to significant economic losses in agriculture. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are popular biostimulant which can promote plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the role of COS in resisting the black-shank disease (BSD, caused by P.

Parvalbumin neurons mediate neurological phenotypes of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, often present with severe psychiatric symptoms, yet the neuropathological mechanisms underlying their cognitive deficits remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we constructed an animal model using anti-NMDAR IgG purified from the serum of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and we used IgG obtained from healthy individuals as a control. Daily administration of anti-NMDAR IgG into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice for 7 days resulted in cognitive impairments resembling clinical symptoms, which spontaneously resolved 30 days after discontinuing the injections.

Microbiome Analysis of Area in Proximity to White Spot Lesions Reveals More Harmful Plant Pathogens in Maize.

Plant microbiomes play a major role in plant health, growth, and development, enhancing resistance to pathogen invasion. However, despite the extensive research on the phyllosphere microbiome, it remains unclear how the microbiome of leaves in proximity to diseased leaves responds to pathogen invasion. We investigate the response of the maize phyllosphere microbiome to maize white spot by assessing the microbiome dynamics associated with the white spot portion and the area in proximity using 16S and ITS high-throughput sequencing analysis.

A panel of altered blood oxysterols in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A novel combined diagnostic marker.

Perturbed cholesterol metabolism may play an important role in the development of dementia and its preclinical stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Oxysterols, the metabolites generated during cholesterol oxidation, also appear to be risk factors for MCI. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if the metabolic profile of blood oxysterols could be used to characterize MCI risk.

Effect of Painful Stimuli on PVNCRH Neurons: Implications for States of Consciousness Under Isoflurane Anesthesia.

Background: Many patients undergoing surgery experience accompanying pain symptoms preoperatively. The impact of painful stimuli on general anesthesia remains largely unknown. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVNCRH neurons) are crucial central stress hubs that respond to painful stimuli.

Enhanced therapeutic effects of hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in renal ischemic injury.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to provide significant protection against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Hypoxia has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the tissue repair capabilities of MSCs. However, the specific effects of hypoxia on MSCs and MSC-EVs, as well as their therapeutic potential in renal IRI, remain unclear.

Allergen sensitization patterns: Allergic rhinitis with multimorbidity versus alone-A real-world study.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) multimorbidity may need to be considered a specific disease because of distinct clinical and immunological differences from AR alone. Allergic multimorbidity often involves polysensitization, where allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a significant role.

Objective: This study aims to explore differences in allergen IgE sensitization patterns between AR alone and AR multimorbidity.

Corrigendum: The causal relationship between serum metabolites and the risk of psoriasis: a Mendelian randomization and meta-analysis study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.

A highly sensitive photoelectrochemical sensor for the detection of theophylline based on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of a nanocomposite of polydopamine nanospheres and gold nanoparticles.

A label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for detecting theophylline (TP) was exploited based on electrodes modified with a nanocomposite of polydopamine nanospheres (PDSs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). PDS particles were prepared by oxidative autopolymerization, and their reducibility was utilized in one step to reduce the gold nanoparticles . The AuNPs-PDS/ZnS PEC sensor was constructed by electrochemical deposition and drop coating.

Quantitative Determination of a Series of Oxysterols by an Optimized LC-MS/MS Analysis in Different Tissue Types.

Oxysterols, as metabolites of cholesterol, play a key role in cholesterol homeostasis, autophagosome formation, and regulation of immune responses. Disorders in oxysterol metabolism are closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. To systematically investigate the profound molecular regulatory mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, it is necessary to quantify oxysterols and their metabolites in central and peripheral biospecimens simultaneously and accurately.

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Development and Treatment of Psoriasis: Narrative Review.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory polygenic disease with significant impacts on skin and joints, leading to substantial treatment challenges and healthcare costs. The quest for novel therapeutic avenues has recently highlighted extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. EVs are nano-sized, lipid membrane-bound particles secreted by cells that have emerged as promising tools for targeted drug delivery, owing to their unique structure.

Facile synthesis of flower-cluster ZIF nanocarriers: Performance in controlled release of thiamethoxam and insecticidal activity.

At present, it is highly important to develop nanopesticide, which can improve the effect of pesticides and reduce the risks of environmental. Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) is usually used as a nanocarrier of nanopesticide, which has a porous structure and stimuli-responsive properties. However, the drug loading performance and stability of ZIF are poor.

Advanced Biologic Therapies in the Management of Asthma in Children and Adolescents: A Comprehensive Network Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Emerging evidence has underscored the positive impact of biologics on asthmatic patients. However, there is a pressing need to verify their therapeutic efficacy in children and adolescents with asthma. To address this, we conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biologics in the asthma management of this demographic.

Dissociation-related behaviors in mice emerge from the inhibition of retrosplenial cortex parvalbumin interneurons.

Dissociation, characterized by altered consciousness and perception, underlies multiple mental disorders, but the specific neuronal subtypes involved remain elusive. In mice, we find that dissociation-inducing doses of ketamine significantly inhibit retrosplenial cortex (RSC) parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs), enhancing delta oscillations (1-3 Hz) and delta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (δ-γ PAC) and inducing dissociation-like behaviors. Optogenetic inhibition of RSC PV-INs triggers delta oscillations, δ-γ PAC, and some dissociation-like behaviors without ketamine.

Multimodel-based quantitative source apportionment and risk assessment of soil heavy metals: A reliable method to achieve regional pollution traceability and management.

To strengthen the control of pollution sources and promote soil pollution management of agricultural land, this study constructed a comprehensive source apportionment framework, which significantly improved the reliability of potential source analysis compared with the traditional single model. The spatial distribution pattern of agricultural soil heavy metals (SHMs) content in Lintong, a typical river valley city in China, was determined and the degree of contamination was evaluated. A scientific source apportionment methodological framework was constructed through correlation analysis methods together with multiple source apportionment receptor models.

Effects of Invasion on Soil Seed Bank Community Characteristics in Different Habitats.

To examine the effects of the recent invasion on plant community and diversity in invaded habitats, the composition, density, species richness, diversity indices, and evenness index of the soil seed bank community of two different habitats (wasteland and cultivated land) in Yunnan Province, China, were analyzed through field sampling and greenhouse germination tests. A total of 28 species of plants belonging to 15 families and 28 genera, all annual herbs, were found in the soil seed bank. Seed densities and species number in the seed bank tended to be greater in April than in October; cultivated land also featured higher seed densities and species numbers compared to wasteland.

Regulates Fungal Development and Virulence in .

causes rice blast disease, which threatens global rice production. The interaction between and rice is regarded as a classic model for studying the relationship between the pathogen and the host. In this study, we found a gene, , regulating fungal development and virulence in .

Gut microbiota and renal fibrosis.

Renal fibrosis represents a critical pathological condition in the progression of renal dysfunction, characterized by aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and structural alterations in renal tissue. Recent research has highlighted the potential significance of gut microbiota and demonstrated their influence on host health and disease mechanisms through the production of bioactive metabolites. This review examines the role of alterations in gut microbial composition and their metabolites in the pathophysiological processes underlying renal fibrosis.

Fecal microbiota transplantation derived from mild cognitive impairment individuals impairs cerebral glucose uptake and cognitive function in wild-type mice: and TXNIP-GLUT signaling pathway.

Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been widely implicated in cognitive impairment, but the identity of the specific bacterial taxa and mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Brain glucose hypometabolism coincides with the cognitive decline. This study explored the link among cognition, gut microbiota and glucose uptake based on the fecal microbiota transplantation from mild cognitive impairment individuals (MCI-FMT) and investigated whether similar mechanisms were involved in 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC)-induced cognitive decline.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Renal Fibrosis.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is indispensable for maintaining normal life activities. Dysregulation of the ER function results in the accumulation of harmful proteins and lipids and the disruption of intracellular signaling pathways, leading to cellular dysfunction and eventual death. Protein misfolding within the ER disrupts its delicate balance, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).

Clec7a Worsens Long-Term Outcomes after Ischemic Stroke by Aggravating Microglia-Mediated Synapse Elimination.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally and triggers a series of reactions leading to primary and secondary brain injuries and permanent neurological deficits. Microglia in the central nervous system play dual roles in neuroprotection and responding to ischemic brain damage. Here, an IS model is employed to determine the involvement of microglia in phagocytosis at excitatory synapses.