Clinical features of pituitary carcinoma: analysis based on a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Pituitary carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare tumor of the adenohypophysis, which manifests as craniospinal dissemination and/or systemic metastasis. The diagnosis of PC is particularly difficult, as the clinical diagnosis only can be made after the metastasis is found. Owing to the complex diagnostic process and less effective treatments, the clinical prognosis of PC is usually very poor.

MiR-124 Reduced Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting TRAF6.

Introduction: Neuroinflammation contributes to secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which has been mainly mediated by the microglia. MiR-124 was reported to play an important role in the polarization of microglia by targeting TLR4 signaling pathway. However, the role and mechanism of miR-124 in neuroinflammation mediated by microglia after TBI is unclear.

Drp1 Regulated Mitochondrial Hypofission Promotes the Invasion and Proliferation of Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas Activating STAT3.

The invasiveness and high proliferation rate of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (GHPAs) are closely related to poor prognosis in patients. We previously reported that abnormal glycolysis participates in this process; however, the role of mitochondria in the invasion and proliferation of GHPAs remains unknown. In the current study, stereological methods were first used to quantitatively calculate the number and morphology of mitochondria.

Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Metabolic Dysfunction Inhibits the Tumor Growth of Pituitary Adenomas.

Metabolic changes have been suggested to be a hallmark of tumors and are closely associated with tumorigenesis. In a previous study, we demonstrated the role of lactate dehydrogenase in regulating abnormal glucose metabolism in pituitary adenomas (PA). As the key organelle of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria play a vital role in the energy supply for tumor cells.

SCP2-mediated cholesterol membrane trafficking promotes the growth of pituitary adenomas via Hedgehog signaling activation.

Background: Metabolic reprogramming is an important characteristic of tumors. In the progression of pituitary adenomas (PA), abnormal glucose metabolism has been confirmed by us before. However, whether cholesterol metabolism is involved in the process of PA remains unclear.

Impact of interaction between the G870A and EFEMP1 gene polymorphism on glioma risk in Chinese Han population.

Aims: To investigate the impact of CCND1 and EFEMP1 gene polymorphism, and additional their gene-gene interactions and haplotype within EFEMP1 gene on glioma risk based on Chinese population.

Methods: Logistic regression was performed to investigate association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and glioma risk and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to analyze the gene-gene interaction.

Results: Glioma risks were higher in carriers of homozygous mutant of rs603965 within CCND1 gene, rs1346787 and rs3791679 in EFEMP1 gene than those with wild-type homozygotes, OR (95%CI) were 1.

NFAT5 protects astrocytes against oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration damage via the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a multifunctional cytokine family. NFAT5 was recently reported to be involved in many neuronal functions, but its specific function remains unclear. In this study, our aim is to investigate whether NFAT5 overexpression can protect astrocytes against oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration (OGSD/R) damage.

Impact of Heat Shock Protein A 12B Overexpression on Spinal Astrocyte Survival Against Oxygen-Glucose-Serum Deprivation/Restoration in Primary Cultured Astrocytes.

Heat shock protein A 12B (HSPA12B) is a newly discovered member of the heat shock protein 70 family. Preclinical evidence indicates that HSPA12B helps protect the brain from ischemic injury, although its specific function remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether HSPA12B overexpression can protect astrocytes from oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) injury.

Myocyte enhancer factor 2D promotes tumorigenicity in malignant glioma cells.

The prognosis of patients with malignant glioma is always quite poor, and this poor prognosis is probably due to our incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant glioma. It is known that myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF2D) plays an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes the survival of various types of cells. However, little is known about the expression profile and function of MEF2D in malignant glioma.

Glioma-derived thrombospondin-1 modulates cd14+ cell tolerogenic properties.

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) plays a role in the immune tolerance, and is involved in the pathogenesis of glioma. This study aims to investigate the role of the glioma-derived TSP1 in the induction of the tumor immune tolerance. The results showed that the primary human glioma cells expressed high levels of TSP1.

Emodin inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of craniocerebral explosive injury.

To investigate the effects of emodin on blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) in a rat model. Eighty rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (the control group and the emodin-treated group; N = 40 per group) and were used to establish the model of blast-induced traumatic brain injury. Ten minutes after the explosion, an isotonic saline solution (10 mg/kg) or emodin (10 mg/kg) were administered via an intraperitoneal injection to the control group and the emodin-treated group, respectively.

Analyzing time-series microarray data reveals key genes in spinal cord injury.

Although many scholars have utilized high-throughput microarrays to delineate gene expression patterns after spinal cord injury (SCI), no study has evaluated gene changes in raphe magnus (RM) and somatomotor cortex (SMTC), two areas in brain primarily affected by SCI. In present study, we aimed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of RM and SMTC between SCI model and sham injured control at 4, 24 h, 7, 14, 28 days, and 3 months using microarray dataset GSE2270 downloaded from gene expression omnibus and unpaired significance analysis of microarray method. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for DEGs at crucial time points and significant biological functions were enriched using DAVID.

Prognostic value of coexistence of abnormal expression of micro-RNA-200b and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein 1 in human astrocytoma.

Our aim was to investigate the expression of micro-RNA-200b (miR-200b) and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB-1) in astrocytoma and its efficacy for predicting outcome. Both miR-200b and CREB-1 messenger RNA expression was measured in 122 astrocytomas and 30 nonneoplastic brain specimens by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of miR-200b was significantly lower in astrocytoma than in nonneoplastic brain (P < .