Using EEG microstates to examine whole-brain neuronal networks during offline rest consolidation after visual perceptual learning.

Visual perceptual learning (VPL) leads to improvements in visual skills after practice or training in visual perceptual tasks. Evidence suggests that newly formed skills are preferentially consolidated by the brain during offline task-free periods. Additionally, VPL can lead to changes in brain areas associated with higher cognitive functions.

On-surface synthesis of Heisenberg spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic molecular chains.

Magnetic exchange interactions between localized spins in π-electron magnetism of carbon-based nanostructures have attracted tremendous interest due to their great potential for nano spintronics. Unique many-body quantum characteristics, such as gaped excitations, strong spin entanglement, and fractionalized excitations, have been demonstrated, but the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model with a single antiferromagnetic coupling value remained unexplored. Here, we realized the entangled antiferromagnetic quantum spin-1/2 Heisenberg model with diazahexabenzocoronene oligomers (up to 7 units) on Au(111).

The Brain Activation of Two Motor Imagery Strategies in a Mental Rotation Task.

Motor imagery includes visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery, which are two strategies that exist for mental rotation and are currently widely studied. However, different mental rotation tests can lead to different strategic performances. There are also many research results where two different strategies appear simultaneously under the same task.

Trait Anxiety Leads to "Better" Performance? A Study on Acute Stress and Uncertain Decision-Making.

In uncertain situations, individuals seek to maximize rewards while managing risks. Yet, the effects of acute stress and anxiety on decision-making in ambiguous and risky contexts are unclear. This study aims to contribute to the exploration of how acute stress influences sensitivity to immediate vs.

Hamiltonian non-Hermicity: Accurate dynamics with the multiple Davydov D2Ansätze.

We examine the applicability of the numerically accurate method of time dependent variation with multiple Davydov Ansätze (mDA) to non-Hermitian systems. As illustrative examples, three systems of interest have been studied, a non-Hermitian system of dissipative Landau-Zener transitions, a non-Hermitian multimode Jaynes-Cummings model, and a dissipative Holstein-Tavis-Cummings model, all of which are shown to be effectively described by the mDA method. Our findings highlight the versatility of the mDA as a powerful numerical tool for investigating complex many-body non-Hermitian systems, which can be extended to explore diverse phenomena such as skin effects, excited-state dynamics, and spectral topology in the non-Hermitian field.

EEG Evidence of Acute Stress Enhancing Inhibition Control by Increasing Attention.

Objective: Research about the impact of acute stress on inhibitory control remains a contentious topic, with no consensus reached thus far. This study aims to investigate the effects of acute stress on an individual's inhibitory control abilities and to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms by analyzing resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) data.

Methods: We recruited 32 male college students through participant recruitment information to undergo within-subject experiments under stress and non-stress conditions.

Cavity-Tuned Exciton Dynamics in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Monolayers.

A fully quantum, numerically accurate methodology is presented for the simulation of the exciton dynamics and time-resolved fluorescence of cavity-tuned two-dimensional (2D) materials at finite temperatures. This approach was specifically applied to a monolayer WSe2 system. Our methodology enabled us to identify the dynamical and spectroscopic signatures of polaronic and polaritonic effects and to elucidate their characteristic timescales across a range of exciton-cavity couplings.

Interconnection between Polarization-Detected and Population-Detected Signals: Theoretical Results and Ab Initio Simulations.

Most of spectroscopic signals are specified by the nonlinear laser-induced polarization. In recent years, population-detection of signals becomes a trend in femtosecond spectroscopy. Polarization-detected (PD) and population-detected signals are fundamentally different, because they are determined by photoinduced processes acting on disparate time scales.

The Effect of Rhythmic Audio-Visual Stimulation on Inhibitory Control: An ERP Study.

Inhibitory control, as an essential cognitive ability, affects the development of higher cognitive functions. Rhythmic perceptual stimulation has been used to improve cognitive abilities. It is unclear, however, whether it can be used to improve inhibitory control.

Beneficial Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzheng Huayu on the Occurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Compensated Chronic Hepatitis B Cirrhosis Receiving Entecavir: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: The application of antifibrotic drugs to treat patients with chronic liver diseases who are receiving antiviral therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been established. Here, we aimed to assess the impact of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) on the occurrence of HCC in patients with hepatitis B virus-related compensated cirrhosis receiving the antiviral drug entecavir (ETV).

Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed.

[Bupleuri Radix-Paeoniae Radix Alba medicated plasma exerts effects on HepG2 hepatoma cells by regulating miR-1297/PTEN signaling axis].

The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Bupleuri Radix-Paeoniae Radix Alba medicated plasma on HepG2 hepatoma cells by regulating the microRNA-1297(miR-1297)/phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN) signaling axis. Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) was carried out to determine the mRNA levels of miR-1297 and PTEN in different hepatoma cell lines. The dual luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the targeted interaction between miR-1297 and PTEN.

Finite temperature dynamics of the Holstein-Tavis-Cummings model.

By employing the numerically accurate multiple Davydov Ansatz (mDA) formalism in combination with the thermo-field dynamics (TFD) representation of quantum mechanics, we systematically explore the influence of three parameters-temperature, photonic-mode detuning, and qubit-phonon coupling-on population dynamics and absorption spectra of the Holstein-Tavis-Cummings (HTC) model. It is found that elevated qubit-phonon couplings and/or temperatures have a similar impact on all dynamic observables: they suppress the amplitudes of Rabi oscillations in photonic populations as well as broaden the peaks and decrease their intensities in the absorption spectra. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that the HTC dynamics is very sensitive to the concerted variation of the three aforementioned parameters, and this finding can be used for fine-tuning polaritonic transport.

On-Surface Synthesis of Silole and Disila-Cyclooctene Derivatives.

The incorporation of Si atoms into organic compounds significantly increases a variety of functionality, facilitating further applications. Recently, on-surface synthesis was introduced into organosilicon chemistry as 1,4-disilabenzene bridged nanostructures were obtained via coupling between silicon atoms and brominated phenyl groups at the ortho position on Au(111). Here, we demonstrate a high generality of this strategy via syntheses of silole derivatives and nanoribbon structures with eight-membered sila-cyclic rings from dibrominated molecules at the bay and peri positions on Au(111), respectively.

Probing avoided crossings and conical intersections by two-pulse femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy: Theoretical study.

This study leverages two-pulse femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (2FSRS) to characterize molecular systems with avoided crossings (ACs) and conical intersections (CIs) in their low-lying excited electronic states. By simulating 2FSRS spectra of microscopically inspired ACs and CIs models, we demonstrate that 2FSRS not only delivers valuable information on the molecular parameters characterizing ACs and CIs but also helps distinguish between these two systems.

Dynamics of a Magnetic Polaron in an Antiferromagnet.

The t-J model remains an indispensable construct in high-temperature superconductivity research, bridging the gap between charge dynamics and spin interactions within antiferromagnetic matrices. This study employs the multiple Davydov Ansatz method with thermo-field dynamics to dissect the zero-temperature and finite-temperature behaviors. We uncover the nuanced dependence of hole and spin deviation dynamics on the spin-spin coupling parameter J, revealing a thermally-activated landscape where hole mobilities and spin deviations exhibit a distinct temperature-dependent relationship.

Finite-Temperature Hole-Magnon Dynamics in an Antiferromagnet.

Employing the numerically accurate multiple Davydov Ansatz in combination with the thermo-field dynamics approach, we delve into the interplay of the finite-temperature dynamics of holes and magnons in an antiferromagnet, which allows for scrutinizing previous predictions from the self-consistent Born approximation while offering, for the first time, accurate finite-temperature computation of detailed magnon dynamics as a response and a facilitator to the hole motion. The study also uncovers a pronounced temperature dependence of the magnon and hole populations, pointing to the feasibility of potential thermal manipulation and control of hole dynamics. Our methodology can be applied not only to the calculation of steady-state angular-resolved photoemission spectra but also to the simulation of femtosecond terahertz pump-probe and other nonlinear signals for the characterization of antiferromagnetic materials.

Contracted description of driven degenerate multilevel quantum systems.

We formulate a contraction theorem that maps quantum dynamics of a multilevel degenerate system (DS) driven by a time-dependent external field to the dynamics of the corresponding contracted non-degenerate system (CNS) of lower dimension, provided transitions between each pair of degenerate levels in the DS have identical transition dipole moments. The theorem is valid for an external field of any strength and shape, with and without rotating wave approximation in the system-field interaction. It establishes explicit relations between DS and CNS observables, significantly simplifies numerical calculations, and clarifies physical origins of the field-induced DS dynamics.

On-Surface Synthesis of Multiple Cu Atom-Bridged Organometallic Oligomers.

A metal-metal bond between coordination complexes has the nature of a covalent bond in hydrocarbons. While bimetallic and trimetallic compounds usually have three-dimensional structures in solution, the high directionality and robustness of the bond can be applied for on-surface syntheses. Here, we present a systematic formation of complex organometallic oligomers on Cu(111) through sequential ring opening of 11,11,12,12-tetraphenyl-1,4,5,8-tetraazaanthraquinodimethane and bonding of phenanthroline derivatives by multiple Cu atoms.

Local probe-induced structural isomerization in a one-dimensional molecular array.

Synthesis of one-dimensional molecular arrays with tailored stereoisomers is challenging yet has great potential for application in molecular opto-, electronic- and magnetic-devices, where the local array structure plays a decisive role in the functional properties. Here, we demonstrate the construction and characterization of dehydroazulene isomer and diradical units in three-dimensional organometallic compounds on Ag(111) with a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. Tip-induced voltage pulses firstly result in the formation of a diradical species via successive homolytic fission of two C-Br bonds in the naphthyl groups, which are subsequently transformed into chiral dehydroazulene moieties.

Upregulation of a Small-World Brain Network Improves Inhibitory Control: An fNIRS Neurofeedback Training Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the inner link between the small-world brain network and inhibitory control. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to construct a neurofeedback (NF) training system and regulate the frontal small-world brain network. The small-world network downregulation group (DOWN, = 17) and the small-world network upregulation group (UP, = 17) received five days of fNIRS-NF training and performed the color-word Stroop task before and after training.

Radix Bupleuri-Radix Paeoniae Alba Inhibits the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Activation of the PTEN/PD-L1 Axis within the Immune Microenvironment.

Objective: This study investigated how Radix Bupleuri-Radix Paeoniae Alba (BP) was active against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database was employed to determine the active ingredients of BP and potential targets against HCC. Molecular docking analysis verified the binding activity of PTEN with BP ingredients.

On-surface synthesis of nitrogen-doped nanographene with an [18]annulene pore on Ag(111).

On-surface synthesis is of importance to fabricate low dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials with atomic precision. Here, we synthesize nitrogen-doped nanographene with an [18]annulene pore and its dimer through sequential reactions of debromination, aryl-aryl coupling, cyclodehydrogenation and C-N coupling on Ag(111) from 3,12-dibromo-7,8-diaza[5]helicene. The inner structures of the products were characterized with scanning tunneling microscopy with a CO terminated tip at low temperature.

HapX-mediated H2B deub1 and SreA-mediated H2A.Z deposition coordinate in fungal iron resistance.

Plant pathogens are challenged by host-derived iron starvation or excess during infection, but the mechanism through which pathogens counteract iron stress is unclear. Here, we found that Fusarium graminearum encounters iron excess during the colonization of wheat heads. Deletion of heme activator protein X (FgHapX), siderophore transcription factor A (FgSreA) or both attenuated virulence.

Alpha and Theta Oscillations Are Causally Linked to Interference Inhibition: Evidence from High-Definition Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation.

(1) Background: The Go/NoGo task and color-word Stroop task were used to investigate the effect of applying different frequency bands of neural oscillations to the lDLPFC on inhibitory control modulation. (2) Methods: Participants were randomly categorized into four groups and received HD-tACS at 6, 10, and 20 Hz or sham stimulation at 1.5 mA for 20 min.