Innovative Polymeric Biomaterials for Intraocular Lenses in Cataract Surgery.

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) play a pivotal role in restoring vision following cataract surgery. The evolution of polymeric biomaterials has been central to addressing challenges such as biocompatibility, optical clarity, mechanical stability, and resistance to opacification. This review explores essential requirements for IOL biomaterials, emphasizing their ability to mitigate complications like posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and dysphotopsias while maintaining long-term durability and visual quality.

Three-Dimensional Bioprinting for Retinal Tissue Engineering.

Three-dimensional bioprinting (3DP) is transforming the field of regenerative medicine by enabling the precise fabrication of complex tissues, including the retina, a highly specialized and anatomically complex tissue. This review provides an overview of 3DP's principles, its multi-step process, and various bioprinting techniques, such as extrusion-, droplet-, and laser-based methods. Within the scope of biomimicry and biomimetics, emphasis is placed on how 3DP potentially enables the recreation of the retina's natural cellular environment, structural complexity, and biomechanical properties.

Complications Following Surgical Treatment of Haglund's Syndrome With and Without Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer.

Background: In the surgical treatment of Haglund syndrome, combining a flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer with Achilles tendon may improve plantarflexion strength and reduce strain on the repaired Achilles tendon. However, there is limited research comparing complication rates between surgical approaches with or without concurrent FHL tendon transfer.

Methods: This was retrospective study of patients who underwent surgical management for Haglund syndrome between January 2015 and December 2023.

How do Patient-Reported Outcomes Correlate with Real-Time Objective Measures of Function after Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Prospective Study Using Daily Gait Metrics.

Introduction: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) are essential for evaluating patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While wearable technologies offer objective measures of physical function through Apple HealthKit, their relationship with PROs in TKA patients is not well understood. We investigated the association between commonly used PROs and objective measures of physical function in patients undergoing TKA.

The core circadian clock factor, Bmal1, transduces sex-specific differences in both rhythmic and non-rhythmic gene expression in the mouse heart.

It has been well established that cardiovascular diseases exhibit significant differences between sexes in both preclinical models and humans. In addition, there is growing recognition that disrupted circadian rhythms can contribute to the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about sex differences between the cardiac circadian clock and circadian transcriptomes in mice.

Advanced Biomaterials for Lacrimal Tissue Engineering: A Review.

The lacrimal gland (LG) is vital for ocular health, producing tears that lubricate and protect the eye. Dysfunction of the LG leads to aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (DED), significantly impacting quality of life. Current treatments mainly address symptoms rather than the underlying LG dysfunction, highlighting the need for regenerative therapies.

Emerging Ocular Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, offering significant improvements in patient survival across various malignancies. However, their use is associated with a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including those affecting the eye and its surrounding structures, collectively termed ocular irAEs (OirAEs). Although rare, OirAEs (e.

Daily physical activity following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A pilot study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand how objective measures of daily activity change following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Objective data on post-operative changes in daily physical activity following UKA are limited, highlighting the need for studies using wearable technologies to provide real-time assessments of recovery.

Methods: This pilot study included a secondary analysis of a prospective study of 33 consecutive UKA patients, with data collected using an Apple Watch and a digital care management application.

Phase-transformable metal-organic polyhedra for membrane processing and switchable gas separation.

The capability of materials to interconvert between different phases provides more possibilities for controlling materials' properties without additional chemical modification. The study of state-changing microporous materials just emerged and mainly involves the liquefication or amorphization of solid adsorbents into liquid or glass phases by adding non-porous components or sacrificing their porosity. The material featuring reversible phases with maintained porosity is, however, still challenging.

Risk factors for recurrence after Latarjet procedure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The risk factors associated with recurrent instability following Latarjet procedure remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to elucidate risk factors contributing to therapeutic failure after the Latarjet procedure.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Higher BMI Is Associated With Wound Breakdown Following Resection of Haglund Deformity.

Background: Haglund deformity is characterized by an enlarged posterosuperior calcaneus, often with inflammation of the retrocalcaneal bursa and Achilles tendon. This study aims to determine if obesity is associated with an increased rate of complications after Haglund resection.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent surgical resection for Haglund deformity from January 2015 to December 2023 at a single academic center.

Mitochondrial quality control measures, systemic inflammation, and lower-limb muscle power in older adults: a PROMPT secondary analysis.

Objectives: The study was conducted to explore associations between markers of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies, serum inflammatory markers, and measures of muscle power assessed by two different tools in a sample of older adults.

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected in the PeppeR develOpMental ProjecT (PROMPT) at the University of Florida (Gainesville, FL, USA).

Methods: Forty-three older adults (n = 20 women) were included in the study.

Innovative Use of Nanomaterials in Treating Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background/objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a severe condition primarily affecting premature infants with a gestational age (GA) of 30 weeks or less and a birth weight (BW) of 1500 g or less. The objective of this review is to examine the risk factors, pathogenesis, and current treatments for ROP, such as cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, and anti-VEGF therapy, while exploring the limitations of these approaches. Additionally, this review evaluates emerging nanotherapeutic strategies to address these challenges, aiming to improve ROP management.

Advancements in Polymer Biomaterials as Scaffolds for Corneal Endothelium Tissue Engineering.

Corneal endothelial dysfunction is a leading cause of vision loss globally, frequently requiring corneal transplantation. However, the limited availability of donor tissues, particularly in developing countries, has spurred on the exploration of tissue engineering strategies, with a focus on polymer biomaterials as scaffolds for corneal endotlhelium regeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in polymer biomaterials, focusing on their role in supporting the growth, differentiation, and functional maintenance of human corneal endothelial cells (CECs).

Cell Therapy for Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Progress and Prospects.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are leading causes of vision loss, with AMD affecting older populations and RP being a rarer, genetically inherited condition. Both diseases result in progressive retinal degeneration, for which current treatments remain inadequate in advanced stages. This review aims to provide an overview of the retina's anatomy and physiology, elucidate the pathophysiology of AMD and RP, and evaluate emerging cell-based therapies for these conditions.

Alleviating rheumatoid arthritis with a photo-pharmacotherapeutic glycan-integrated nanogel complex for advanced percutaneous delivery.

The prospective of percutaneous drug delivery (PDD) mechanisms to address the limitations of oral and injectable treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasing. These limitations encompass inadequate compliance among patients and acute gastrointestinal side effects. However, the skin's intrinsic layer can frequently hinder the percutaneous dispersion of RA medications, thus mitigating the efficiency of drug delivery.

Childhood psychosocial adjustment and midlife obesity, diabetes and hypertension: prospective study from two birth cohorts.

Background: Understanding how childhood psychosocial adjustment (CPA) influences later life health outcomes is crucial for developing interventions to mitigate the long-term risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs).

Aims: To investigate the association between CPA and incident CMDs in mid-life, and the mediating roles of educational attainment, smoking habits and depression during young adulthood.

Method: A prospective cohort study utilised data from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS; 1958-2013) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70; 1970-2018), encompassing 22 012 participants assessed for CPA in childhood, who were subsequently evaluated for educational attainment, smoking habits and depression in young adulthood, followed by assessments for CMDs in mid-life.

Coordinately unsaturated single Fe-atoms with N vacancies and enhanced sp carbon defects in Fe-N(sp)-C structural units for suppression of cancer cell metabolism and electrochemical oxygen evolution.

Installing coordinately unsaturated Fe-N-C structural units on polymer-composite-derived N-doped carbon offers highly active Fe-N sites for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tumor cells. An NHCl-driven high-temperature etching method was employed for the formation of FeSA950NC with coordinately unsaturated single Fe-atoms in an Fe-N(sp)-C structural unit together with N vacancies () and sp defects. The carbonization of Fe-phen@ZIF-8 at 800 °C for 30 min under argon, followed by grinding Fe-ZIF-8@RF-urea with NHCl at 950 °C for 2 hours, resulted in sp carbon defects and sites with coordination unsaturation in Fe-N due to NHCl decomposition to NH and HCl, which produced substantial internal stress for etching the carbon matrix.

Oxidative Stress and Cataract Formation: Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapies.

This comprehensive review investigates the pivotal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cataract formation and evaluates the potential of antioxidant therapies in mitigating this ocular condition. By elucidating the mechanisms of oxidative stress, the article examines how ROS contribute to the deterioration of lens proteins and lipids, leading to the characteristic aggregation, cross-linking, and light scattering observed in cataracts. The review provides a thorough assessment of various antioxidant strategies aimed at preventing and managing cataracts, such as dietary antioxidants (i.

Exploring Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty Failures A Comparison Between Failed and Successful Revision Cases.

This study assesses the comorbidities that are associated with failed revision total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and explores the outcomes following a failed revision TAA. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients who underwent a revision TAA at a single institution from 2008 to 2022. Patients were identified as having revision failure if they required explantation, below-knee amputation (BKA), or a revision of either metal component.

Health care policy and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair prices in the United States.

Background: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is one of the most common orthopedic procedures in the general population. Despite its prevalence, the price of ARCR varies significantly across regions, hospital models, and settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Geographic Region, Certificate of Need (CON) laws, and Medicaid expansion on ARCR pricing.