Corrigendum: Acaricidal activity of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of 15 South African plants against Rhipicephalus turanicus and their toxicity on human liver and kidney cells.

No abstract available.

Corrigendum: Investigation of the acaricidal activity of the acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 South African plants against the adult ticks of Rhipicephalus turanicus.

No abstract available.

Corrigendum: Anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from South African plants used on egg hatching of Haemonchus contortus.

No abstract available.

InCl: A Versatile Catalyst for Synthesizing a Broad Spectrum of Heterocycles.

This review deals with the recent applications of the indium trichloride (InCl) catalyst in the synthesis of a broad spectrum of heterocyclic compounds. Over the years, a number of reviews on the applications of InCl-catalyzed organic synthesis have appeared in the literature. It is evident that InCl has emerged as a valuable catalyst for a wide range of organic transformations due to its stability when exposed to moisture and also in an aqueous medium.

Anticancer activities of vitamin K3 analogues.

In a previous study we reported on the synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinone-sulfides by thiolation of 1,4-naphthohydroquinones with primary aryl and alkyl thiols using laccase as catalyst. These compounds were synthesized as Vitamin K3 analogues. Vitamin K3 (VK3; 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; menadione) is known to have potent anticancer activity.

Acaricidal activity of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of 15 South African plants against Rhipicephalus turanicus and their toxicity on human liver and kidney cells.

Hot water and hydroethanolic (70:30) extracts were prepared from 15 plant species, which were investigated to discover eco-friendly and less expensive tick control methods as an alternative to synthetic acaricides. A contact bioassay was used to determine the acaricidal activity of these extracts against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae) at a concentration of 20% (200 mg/mL). The hydroethanolic extracts had better activity than the hot water extracts against R.

Anticancer activity, apoptosis and a structure-activity analysis of a series of 1,4-naphthoquinone-2,3-bis-sulfides.

We have previously reported on the synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinone-sulfides and in this investigation we report on their anticancer activity against 6 human cancer cell lines to evaluate their cytostatic effects. The 1,4-naphthoquinone-2,3-bis-sulfides were most effective against melanoma (UACC62) (GI = 6.5-10 μM) and prostate (PC3) (GI = 5.

Investigation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of thiolated naphthoquinones.

The WHO has stated that antibiotic resistance is escalating to perilously high levels globally and that traditional therapies of antimicrobial drugs are futile against infections caused by resistant microorganisms. Novel antimicrobial drugs are therefore required. We report in this study on the inhibitory activity of the 1,4-naphthoquinone-2,3-bis-sulfides and 1,4-naphthoquinone sulfides against two bacteria and a fungus to determine their antimicrobial properties.

Investigation of the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of aminonaphthoquinones.

In this study, we report on the inhibitory activity of synthesized aminonaphthoquinones against two bacterial and one fungal species to determine their antimicrobial properties. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.8 μg/mL was obtained against the fungus, Candida albicans, which was better than that of Amphotericin B (MIC = 31.

Investigation of the acaricidal activity of the acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 South African plants against the adult ticks of .

The acaricidal activity of acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 plant species was evaluated using the contact method on Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks at an initial concentration of 20% (200 mg/mL). Eight of the 12 plants had mortality greater than 50% and the acetone extracts had better acaricidal activity than the ethanol extracts. The acetone extract of Calpurnia aurea (leaves and flowers) had the highest corrected mortality (CM) of 92.

Further studies on South African plants: Acaricidal activity of organic plant extracts against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).

The goal of our research is to develop a lower cost eco-friendly tick control method because acaricides that are commonly used to control ticks are often toxic, harmful to the environment or too expensive for resource-limited farmers. Acetone and ethanol extracts were prepared and their acaricidal activities determined against the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. A 1% solution of each of the plant extracts was prepared for efficacy testing using the adapted Shaw Larval Immersion Test (SLIT).

A one-pot laccase-catalysed synthesis of coumestan derivatives and their anticancer activity.

Suberase®, a commercial laccase from Novozymes, was used to catalyse the synthesis of coumestans. The yields, in some cases, were similar to or better than that obtained by other enzymatic, chemical or electrochemical syntheses. The compounds were screened against renal TK10, melanoma UACC62 and breast MCF7 cancer cell-lines and the GI, TGI and LC values determined.

Anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from South African plants used on egg hatching of Haemonchus contortus.

The nematode, Haemonchus contortus, is responsible for major economic losses in the livestock industry. The management of parasites such as H. contortus has been through the use of synthetic parasiticides.

Acaricidal activity of the organic extracts of thirteen South African plants against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (Acari: Ixodidae).

The African blue tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, is a common tick species found in South Africa and affects cattle production as well as vectoring pathogens in regions of Africa and Asia. In an attempt to develop a non-toxic, lower cost and environmentally friendly tick control method, twenty-six plant extracts were prepared from thirteen plant species using 99.5% acetone and 99% ethanol.

One-pot laccase-catalysed synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxylated benzo[b]furans and catechol derivatives, and their anticancer activity.

A commercial laccase, Suberase® from Novozymes, was used to catalyse the synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxylated benzo[b]furans and catechol derivatives. The yields were, in some cases, similar to or better than that obtained by other enzymatic, chemical or electrochemical syntheses. The synthesised derivatives were screened against renal (TK10), melanoma (UACC62), breast (MCF7) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines.

A laccase-catalysed one-pot synthesis of aminonaphthoquinones and their anticancer activity.

Nuclear monoamination of a 1,4-naphthohydroquinone with primary aromatic amines was catalysed by the commercial laccase, Novozym 51003, from Novozymes to afford aminonaphthoquinones. The synthesis was accomplished by reacting a mixture of the primary amine and 1,4-naphthohydroquinone in succinate-lactate buffer and a co-solvent, dimethylformamide, under mild reaction conditions in a vessel open to air at pH 4.5 and pH 6.

A convenient synthesis of N,N'-dibenzyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine-2'-deoxyribonucleoside and 1-methyl-2'-deoxypseudoisocytidine.

The syntheses of N,N'-dibenzyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine-2'-deoxyribonucleoside and 1-methyl-2'-deoxypseudoisocytidine via Heck coupling are described. A survey of the attempts to use the Heck coupling to synthesize N,N'-dibenzyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine-2'-deoxyribonucleoside is provided, indicating a remarkable diversity in outcome depending on the specific heterocyclic partner used.

Diamination by N-coupling using a commercial laccase.

Nuclear diamination of p-hydrobenzoquinones with aromatic and aliphatic primary amines was catalysed by an immobilised commercial laccase, Denilite II Base, from Novozymes. The amine and the p-hydrobenzoquinone was reacted under mild conditions (at room temperature and at 35 degrees C) in a reaction vessel open to air in the presence of laccase and a co-solvent to afford, exclusively, the diaminated p-benzoquinone. These compounds may have potential antiallergic, antibiotic, anticancer, antifungal, antiviral and/or 5-lipoxygenase inhibiting activity.

A review: synthesis of aryl C-glycosides via the heck coupling reaction.

In this article, we focus on the synthesis of aryl C-glycosides via Heck coupling. It is organized based on the type of structures used in the assembly of the C-glycosides (also called C-nucleosides) with the following subsections: pyrimidine C-nucleosides, purine C-nucleosides, and monocyclic, bicyclic, and tetracyclic C-nucleosides. The reagents and conditions used for conducting the Heck coupling reactions are discussed.