Accumulation of B1-like B cells in transgenic mice over-expressing catalytically inactive RAG1 in the periphery.

During their development, B lymphocytes undergo V(D)J recombination events and selection processes that, if successfully completed, produce mature B cells expressing a non-self-reactive B-cell receptor (BCR). Primary V(D)J rearrangements yield self-reactive B cells at high frequency, triggering attempts to remove, silence, or reprogramme them through deletion, anergy induction, or secondary V(D)J recombination (receptor editing), respectively. In principle, expressing a catalytically inactive V(D)J recombinase during a developmental stage in which V(D)J rearrangement is initiated may impair this process.

Anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody administered with immunotherapy.

Despite both efficacy and immunotolerogenic effects, many clinicians still are reluctant to use allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) because of the potential for acute allergic reactions. The anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody, omalizumab, is approved by the U.S.