Efficiency of serial extraction and late premolar extraction cases treated with fixed appliances.

Introduction: Severe crowding can be treated with serial extraction (SE) in the mixed dentition or with late premolar extraction (LPE) in the permanent dentition. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of orthodontic treatment in SE patients and LPE patients.

Methods: Retrospective chart review identified 51 SE patients and 49 LPE patients treated with fixed appliances.