Publications by authors named "Kevin Rowland"

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease that commonly appears during childhood but can present at any age. There are interventions that are effective in treating AD in children, but it has been difficult to find effective treatments for adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the efficacy of topical probiotic treatment for AD in adult populations.

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The analysis of extractables and leachables and subsequent risk assessment is an important aspect of the determination of biocompatibility for many medical devices. Leachable chemicals have the potential to pose a toxicological risk to patients, and therefore it is required that they be adequately characterized and assessed for potential safety concerns. One important consideration in the assessment of leachables is the choice of a suitable simulating solvent intended to replicate the use condition for the device and its biological environment.

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Objective: The purpose of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled studies that, following third-molar extraction, utilized either a combination of acetaminophen (600 mg) with codeine (60 mg) or ibuprofen (400 mg) for pain management.

Design: We searched PubMed, and the trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov databases with the keywords "molar or molars," "tooth or teeth," "extraction," and "pain.

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Problem: The University of Houston College of Medicine (UH COM) began its first admissions cycle after receiving preliminary accreditation in February 2020. With the advent of remote learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the school moved its admissions process, including multiple mini-interview (MMI), from an in-person to online format in mid-March 2020.

Approach: The UH COM selected Zoom as the video conferencing platform for its virtual admissions process, including MMI.

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Characterization of Extractables and Leachables (E&Ls) is an important aspect of product quality in important fields such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices and food contact materials. The main goal of an E&L study is identification and quantification of those species which may leach from packaging materials used to contain pharmaceuticals or which may leach directly out of a medical device or food contact material and thus may result in patient exposure. It is common practice to perform relative quantitation of extractables and leachables using surrogate standards due to the large diversity of species observed and the lack of available reference standards.

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Persistent Post-Mastectomy Pain (PPMP) is a common condition that can follow surgeries for breast cancer, the most common cancer in women. Because of the frequency of PPMP and its potential severity, it has received increasing research attention. This manuscript reviews the recent research literature, beginning with a brief history and then relevant medical, surgical, demographic, and psychosocial risk factors.

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Admissions committees in dental schools are charged with the responsibility of selecting candidates who will succeed in school and become successful members of the profession. Identifying students who will have academic difficulty is challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of pre-admission variables for the first-year performance of six classes at one U.

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Fecal contamination of surface waters is a significant problem, particularly in rapidly developing coastal watersheds. Data from a water quality monitoring program in southwest Brunswick County, North Carolina, gathered in support of a regional wastewater and stormwater management program were used to examine likely modes and sources of fecal contamination. Sampling was conducted at 42 locations at 3-4-week intervals between 1996 and 2003, including streams, ponds, and estuarine waters in a variety of land use settings.

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Background: Our objective was to correlate the presence of symptoms and dental pulp injury with the amount of a subtype of corticotropin releasing factor receptor (CRF-R) in symptomatic and asymptomatic human teeth. We hypothesized that patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis have increased levels of CRF-R.

Materials And Methods: Dental history, diagnosis and radiographs were obtained from treatment records following extractions.

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Reports on the status of dental education have concluded that there is a need for various types of curricular reform, making recommendations that include better integration of basic, behavioral, and clinical sciences, increased case-based teaching, emphasis on student-driven learning, and creation of lifelong learners. Dental schools faced with decreasing contact hours, increasing teaching material, and technological advancements have experimented with alternate curricular strategies. At Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine, curricular changes have begun with a series of integrated biomedical sciences courses.

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The objective was to determine which bracket adhesive removal method was the most effective. Four different techniques were investigated: adhesive removing pliers, 12-fluted carbide, white stone, and Sof-Lex discs. Scanning electron microscopy was used for microanalysis and photographing.

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Objective: Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, a family of structurally related proteins have been implicated in the sensation of pain and hyperalgesia caused by exogenous and endogenous agonists, as well as touch, pH, and temperature. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of tooth injury on the expression of the cold sensitive channel TRPA1, in the trigeminal ganglion, the primary source of sensory and nociceptive innervation of teeth.

Design: We analyzed TRPA1 expression in a rodent model of tooth injury, by Western blot analyses of proteins extracted from trigeminal ganglia.

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) binds to membrane-bound CRF receptors (CRF-Rs). Among the actions mediated by activated CRF-Rs is beta-endorphin (END) release from immune cells, increasing peripheral antinociception. For assessment of inflammatory regulation of CRF-R expression, rats underwent pulp exposure of left, first mandibular molars and recovered for 6 days.

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There is a higher incidence of local anesthetic failure in endodontic patients experiencing pulpal hyperalgesia. Up-regulation of Nav1.9, a voltage-gated sodium channel isoform, might play a key role in local anesthetic failure because Nav1.

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Kv1.4, a subunit of voltage-gated K(+) channels, plays a large role in regulating neuronal excitability. The level of Kv1.

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Article Synopsis
  • The medial superior olive (MSO) neurons are highly sensitive to tiny differences in timing between sounds heard by each ear, a capability influenced by their electrical properties, input timing, and dendrite structure.
  • The study found that MSO neurons start to show this sensitivity early in auditory development around postnatal day 10 (P10), with important changes occurring by P14 to resemble adult-like responses.
  • As these neurons mature, the complexity of their dendritic branching decreases, and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals adjusts, which may allow for fine-tuning of auditory processing even before hearing is fully developed.
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The synthesis and mechanical properties of a new class of coordination polymer based materials, amorphous coordination polymer sol-gels and xerogels, is presented.

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Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels function in diverse processes such as acting as second messenger systems, regulating of ionic concentrations, and aiding in thermoception. TRPM2 channels, members of the melastatin subfamily, mediate calcium influx in response to oxidative stress but during pathological states facilitate hyperexcitability and cellular necrosis via calcium excitotoxicity. We hypothesized that TRPM2 channel expression is upregulated in pulpal tissue of symptomatic teeth with signs of irreversible pulpitis.

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Bursts of neuronal activity are transmitted more effectively as synapses mature. However, the mechanisms that control synaptic efficiency during development are poorly understood. Here, we study postnatal changes in synaptic ultrastructure and exocytosis in a calyx-type nerve terminal.

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