Do No Harm in Global Health Engagement.

This manuscript examines the principle of "Do No Harm" in DoD Global Health Engagement (GHE) efforts. It highlights the potential positive and negative consequences of health investments and explores how unintentional harm is addressed in a global health context. The manuscript also discusses the involvement of the U.

Experiences with an Inquiry-Based Ionic Liquid Module in an Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Laboratory.

The topic of ionic liquids is typically not taught at the undergraduate level. Many properties, such as conductivity, vapor pressure, and viscosity, of these so-called "green solvents" are unique compared to traditional molecular solvents. Using active learning techniques, we introduced an ionic liquid module in the physical chemistry laboratory where their structures and physical properties, namely, viscosity, conductivity, and vapor pressure, were explored in relation to molecular solvents.

Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes in Binary Mixture of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids with Organic Solvents.

Though local structures in ionic liquids are dominated by strong Coulomb forces, directional hydrogen bonds can also influence the physicochemical properties of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. In particular, the C-2 position of the imidazolium cation is acidic and can bind with suitable hydrogen bond acceptor sites of molecular solvents dissolved in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. In this report, we identify hydrogen-bonded microenvironments of the model ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate, and the changes that occur when molecular solvents are dissolved in it by using a C-D infrared reporter at the C-2 position of the cation.

Worker Injuries in Southern California's Warehousing Industry: How to Better Protect Workers in This Burgeoning Industry?

Dangerous conditions and worker injuries in the rapidly growing warehousing industry have gained attention in recent years, with accounts typically drawing on worker reports and investigative journalism. We analyzed workers' compensation injury claims and California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) citations in Southern California's large warehousing sector. Claims increased from 2014 to 2018, with a majority of injuries caused by repetitive motion, lifting and other ergonomic risk factors.

Using workers' compensation claims to investigate occupational injuries among residential day laborers and domestic workers.

Background: While many states have legal provisions to extend workers' compensation eligibility to day laborers or domestic workers hired directly by homeowners or families, little is known about the nature or frequency of injury claims submitted on behalf of these "residential employees."

Methods: We examined California workers' compensation claims records for injuries that appear to have occurred in residential settings between 2008 and 2018 and where the employer of record was an individual or family. We examined the demographic, occupational, and injury characteristics of our sample and analyzed factors that contribute to the likelihood of a claim resulting in some sort of payment.

C-D Vibration at C2 Position of Imidazolium Cation as a Probe of the Ionic Liquid Microenvironment.

Unlike molecular solvents, imidazolium-based ionic liquids are entirely made of ions with spatial heterogeneity. There is a need for spectroscopic probes that can assess the microenvironment near the cations of these complex liquids. In this manuscript, we describe simple chemical procedures to label the C2 position of imidazolium cation with a C-D vibrational probe and show, through linear and nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies, that this C-D stretching mode can be a useful analytical tool to assess both the solvent microenvironment and solute-solvent interactions in imidazolium-based ionic liquids from the cation point of view.

Implications of Social and Legal Status on Immigrants' Health in Disaster Zones.

This commentary highlights how immigrants who are linguistically isolated, have limited social networks, and lack legal immigration status experience unique health risks in disaster zones. Research on immigrants and disasters tends to focus on immigrants with these characteristics who are residents of disaster-affected areas, disaster recovery workers, or both. We review the sparse research literature and provide examples of innovative but underresourced programs that reduce immigrants' exposure to disaster-related health hazards and economic exploitation in the recovery.

Crystal structures of the hexa-fluorido-phosphate salts of the isomeric 2-, 3- and 4-cyano-1-methyl-pyridinium cations and determination of solid-state inter-action energies.

The synthesis and crystal structures of the isomeric mol-ecular salts 2-, 3- and 4-cyano-1-methyl-pyridinium hexa-fluorido-phosphate, CHN·PF, are reported. In 2-cyano-1-methyl-pyridinium hexa-fluorido-phosphate, C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds form chains extending along the -axis direction, which are associated through C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds and P-F⋯π(ring) inter-actions into stepped layers. For 3-cyano-1-methyl-pyridinium hexa-fluorido-phosphate, corrugated sheets parallel to [001] are generated by C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds and P-F⋯π(ring) inter-actions.

Mortality and Morbidity during Extreme Heat Events and Prevalence of Outdoor Work: An Analysis of Community-Level Data from Los Angeles County, California.

Heat is a well-recognized hazard for workers in many outdoor settings, yet few investigations have compared the prevalence of outdoor work at the community level and rates of heat-related mortality and morbidity. This analysis examines whether heat-related health outcomes occur more frequently in communities with higher proportions of residents working in construction, agriculture, and other outdoor industries. Using 2005-2010 data from Los Angeles County, California, we analyze associations between community-level rates of deaths, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations during summer heat events and the prevalence of outdoor work.

Point-of-Care Determination of Acetaminophen Levels with Multi-Hydrogen Bond Manipulated Single-Molecule Recognition (eMuHSiR).

This work aims to face the challenge of monitoring small molecule drugs accurately and rapidly for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis in current clinical settings. Overdose of acetaminophen (AP), a commonly used over the counter (OTC) analgesic drug, has been determined to be a major cause of acute liver failure in the US and the UK. However, there is no rapid and accurate detection method available for this drug in the emergency room.

Strength, character, and directionality of halogen bonds involving cationic halogen bond donors.

Halogen bonds involving cationic halogen bond donors and anionic halogen bond acceptors have recently been recognized as being important in stabilizing the crystal structures of many salts. Theoretical characterization of these types of interactions, most importantly in terms of their directionality, has been limited. Here we generate high-quality symmetry adapted perturbation theory potential energy curves of a HN-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-BrCl model system in order to characterize halogen bonds involving charged species, in terms of contributions from electrostatics, exchange, induction, and dispersion, with special emphasis on analyzing contributions that are most responsible for the directionality of these interactions.

Osteoinductive effects of glyceollins on adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow.

Background: While current therapies for osteoporosis focus on reducing bone resorption, the development of therapies to regenerate bone may also be beneficial. Promising anabolic therapy candidates include phytoestrogens, such as daidzein, which effectively induce osteogenesis of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Purpose: To investigate the effects of glyceollins, structural derivatives of daidzein, on osteogenesis of ASCs and BMSCs.

Ligands of Therapeutic Utility for the Liver X Receptors.

Liver X receptors (LXRs) have been increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target to treat pathological conditions ranging from vascular and metabolic diseases, neurological degeneration, to cancers that are driven by lipid metabolism. Amidst intensifying efforts to discover ligands that act through LXRs to achieve the sought-after pharmacological outcomes, several lead compounds are already being tested in clinical trials for a variety of disease interventions. While more potent and selective LXR ligands continue to emerge from screening of small molecule libraries, rational design, and empirical medicinal chemistry approaches, challenges remain in minimizing undesirable effects of LXR activation on lipid metabolism.

Ortho-Methylarylamines as Time-Dependent Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 1A1 Enzyme.

Background: Members of the cytochrome P450 1A family metabolize many procarcinogens such as polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines. Inactivation of these enzymes is a prerequisite for cancer prevention and treatment in certain cases. Mechanism-based inhibition (time and co-factor dependent) is an effective method for the inactivation of these enzymes.

24-hour care: Work and sleep conditions of migrant Filipino live-in caregivers in Los Angeles.

Introduction: Live-in formal caregivers spend consecutive days in patients' homes, raising questions about their ability to secure adequate sleep while on duty. Few studies have examined sleeping conditions and outcomes for this growing workforce.

Methods: We collected weeklong sleep logs and interview data from 32 Filipino caregivers in Los Angeles who provide live-in services at least 3 consecutive days per week.

Managers' perceptions of the value and impact of HAZWOPER worker health and safety training.

Background: Worker training is a core component of the OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) standard, but few studies have considered what motivates managers to provide HAZWOPER training to employees or what they value in that training.

Methods: In 2012, four university-based programs conducted an exploratory survey of managers who sent employees to HAZWOPER courses. Results from 109 respondents were analyzed.

The relative roles of electrostatics and dispersion in the stabilization of halogen bonds.

In this work we highlight recent work aimed at the characterization of halogen bonds. Here we discuss the origins of the σ-hole, the modulation of halogen bond strength by changing of neighboring chemical groups (i.e.

Shaping the future: ten years of the occupational health internship program.

The Occupational Health Internship Program (OHIP) was initiated in 2003 to recruit a new, diverse generation of occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals and to advance OSH within union and community-based initiatives. It retains the principles of the original OCAW/Montefiore internship program while adapting to the changed landscape of the 21st-century workplace. Case studies of OHIP projects illustrate how students have contributed to key OSH policies-to regulate silica exposure among construction workers, apply principles of green chemistry with Vietnamese nail salon workers, and integrate OSH into "green" jobs in the recycling industry.