Transformation From Atypical to Anaplastic Metastatic Meningioma: Evolutionary Turning Point Marked by Strong 18 F-FDG Avidity and Uptake Collapse From 68 GA-DOTATOC.

World Health Organization (WHO) grade III anaplastic meningioma is scarce. In this way, most studies compared WHO grade I and II. Otherwise, some authors are uncertain about using 18 F-FDG as a diagnostic tool to estimate the WHO grade, especially high.

Targeted Radiation Exposure Induces Accelerated Aortic Valve Remodeling in ApoE Mice.

Thoracic radiation therapy may result in accelerated atherosclerosis and in late aortic valve stenosis (AS). In this study, we assessed the feasibility of inducing radiation-induced AS using a targeted aortic valve irradiation (10 or 20 Grays) in two groups of C57Bl6/J (WT) and ApoE mice compared to a control (no irradiation). Peak aortic jet velocity was evaluated by echocardiography to characterize AS.

PET/CT variants and pitfalls in malignant melanoma.

F-FDG PET/CT plays an increasingly pivotal role in the staging and post-treatment monitoring of high-risk melanoma patients, augmented by the introduction of therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), that have novel modes of action that challenge conventional response assessment. Simultaneously, technological advances have been regularly released, including advanced reconstruction algorithms, digital PET and motion correction, which have allowed the PET community to detect ever-smaller cancer lesions, improving diagnostic performance in the context of indications previously viewed as limitations, such as detection of in-transit disease and confirmation of the nature of small pulmonary metastases apparent on CT.This review will provide advice regarding melanoma-related PET protocols and will focus on variants encountered during the imaging of melanoma patients.

Advances in Radiopharmaceutical Sciences for Vascular Inflammation Imaging: Focus on Clinical Applications.

Biomedical imaging technologies offer identification of several anatomic and molecular features of disease pathogenesis. Molecular imaging techniques to assess cellular processes in vivo have been useful in advancing our understanding of several vascular inflammatory diseases. For the non-invasive molecular imaging of vascular inflammation, nuclear medicine constitutes one of the best imaging modalities, thanks to its high sensitivity for the detection of probes in tissues.

JAK Inhibitor Effectiveness in Giant-Cell Arteritis With Large-Vessel Involvement Assessed by 18F-FDG PET-CT.

We report the case of a 76-year-old woman with relapsing giant-cell arteritis and large-vessel vasculitis demonstrated on 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Methotrexate and tocilizumab failed to achieve remission, and the patient ultimately exhibited a favorable clinical and radiological response to baricitinib, a JAK inhibitor. This case suggests that baricitinib may be a promising treatment for giant-cell arteritis-related large-vessel vasculitis and that 18F-FDG-PET/CT may be used to monitor therapeutic response.

Assessing immune organs on F-FDG PET/CT imaging for therapy monitoring of immune checkpoint inhibitors: inter-observer variability, prognostic value and evolution during the treatment course of melanoma patients.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved survival in advanced melanoma. There is a need for robust biomarkers to identify patients who do not respond. We analysed 14 baseline F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) metrics and their evolution to assess their correlation with patient outcome, compared with 7 established biological markers and 7 clinical variables.

F-Fludeoxyglucose PET/Computed Tomography for Assessing Tumor Response to Immunotherapy and Detecting Immune-Related Side Effects: A Checklist for the PET Reader.

After a short summary of the biological basis of the immune checkpoint inhibitors used for the treatment of nonhematologic solid tumors, the issues of pseudoprogression, hyperprogression, and immune-related side effects are discussed as well as their implications for patient management. Recommendations are provided for performing F-Fludeoxyglucose PET scanning, assessing tumor response, and reporting immune-related side effects, with representative clinical cases.