Penile implant infection factors: a contemporary narrative review of literature.

Objective: We aim to review and summarize published literature that features implanted penile devices and details infection of these devices as a complication. In particular, we will detail the factors that influence infection of penile implants.

Background: Types of penile prostheses (PP) include inflatable implants and semirigid implants; these are utilized for treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Association of Ancillary Pathology Findings in Non-neoplastic Renal Parenchyma and Renal Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy.

To evaluate robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) renal outcomes associated with ancillary pathology findings in non-neoplastic renal parenchymal tissue. Tissue samples from 378 RAPNs were analyzed for glomerular disease (GD), vascular disease (VD), and tubulointerstitial disease (TD). One hundred and fifty-two patients were excluded due to insufficient non-neoplastic tissue for analysis and 4 patients were excluded due to calyceal diverticulum.

Revision Surgery for Inflatable Penile Prosthesis (IPP): A Single-Center Experience and Pictorial Representation.

Objective: To elucidate factors influencing Inflatable Penile Prosthesis (IPP) revision and describe outcomes associated with revision surgery.

Methods: A single surgeon, retrospective review of all patients who underwent IPP revision between 2008-2016, was performed. Patient age, BMI, operative duration, blood loss, hospital duration, time from most recent penile implant to revision surgery, etiology of revision, and whether the patient had a prior failed revision surgery were all collected and analyzed.

Determinants and Implications of Excised Parenchymal Mass on Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Outcomes.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between excised parenchymal mass (EPM) and postoperative renal function (eGFR) following robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). EPM is the amount of healthy renal parenchyma excised during partial nephrectomy in order to achieve safe surgical margins.

Methods: We evaluated 406 consecutive RAPN performed by a single surgeon to eliminate variations in technique as a factor in EPM.

Morphologic Factors Associated With Open Conversion During Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate.

Objective: To determine if there is an association between patient body habitus as measured by body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), preoperative prostate volume, postoperative specimen weight, and open conversion with cystotomy or perineal urethrotomy (PU) during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). We attempt to provide meaningful criteria to assist in preoperative patient counseling.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred consecutive patients underwent HoLEP between August 3, 2018 and February 20, 2020 by a single surgeon.

Impact of Antimicrobial Dipping Solutions on Postoperative Infection Rates in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Primary Insertion of a Coloplast Titan Inflatable Penile Prosthesis.

Background: Modern-day penile prostheses use infection retardant coating to decrease rates of postoperative infection, subsequently reducing explantation and revision rates as well. The Coloplast Titan models are dipped into antimicrobial solutions right before implantation, and the components used for dipping can be tailored toward the patient.

Aim: To compare infection, explantation, and revision rates among different dipping solutions used before implantation for patients with diabetes receiving a Coloplast Titan implant.

Assessment of Advanced Perioperative Outcomes to Identify the True Learning Curve of Robotic-assisted Partial Nephrectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate the learning curve of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy as it pertains to operative time (OT) and advanced perioperative variables such as achievement of trifecta, postoperative complications, 30-day readmission rates (RR), warm ischemia time (WIT), and functional volume loss (FVL).

Methods: We evaluated 418 consecutive robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy performed by a single surgeon between February 2008 and April 2019. Multivariable log-log regression models were used to evaluate the associations between case number and continuous outcomes (OT, WIT, and FVL).

Perioperative Outcomes of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Mass in Patients on Dialysis or with Renal Transplant in Place Compared to Normal Controls.

The risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development in the native kidney of patients on dialysis or with a renal transplant is increased compared to the general population. This study examines perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LN) in dialysis patients or renal transplant patients compared to normal controls. Four hundred twelve consecutive LN were evaluated (July 2007 to October 2018).

Immediate preoperative blood glucose and hemoglobin a1c levels are not predictive of postoperative infections in diabetic men undergoing penile prosthesis placement.

Defining the risks associated with diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing penile prosthesis implantation remains controversial. Our study aims to assess whether preoperative hemoglobin a1c and preoperative blood glucose levels are associated with an increased risk for postoperative infection in diabetic men. We performed a retrospective review of 932 diabetic patients undergoing primary penile prosthesis implantation from 18 high-volume penile prosthesis implantation surgeons throughout the United States, Germany, Belgium, and South Korea.

Factors Predisposing to Catheter Reinsertion Following Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate.

Objective: To determine if preoperative catheter dependence or specimen weight is associated with failed trial without catheter (TWOC) following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).

Material And Methods: The study population consisted of 143 consecutive men who underwent HoLEP by a single surgeon over 10 months. Ten were excluded from analysis because they did not have a TWOC on the morning following surgery.

Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate After Failed UroLift: Surgical Considerations for the Management of Nonabsorbable Implants.

Objective: To demonstrate the surgical considerations for managing retained UroLift implants when performing HOLEP. Prostatic Urethral Lift via the UroLift System has become a common treatment modality to manage symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The UroLift procedure uses nonabsorbable implants to retract obstructing prostate lobes.

Reduced Noradrenergic Signaling in the Spleen Capsule in the Absence of CB and CB Cannabinoid Receptors.

The spleen is a visceral organ that contracts during hypoxia to expel erythrocytes and immune cells into the circulation. Spleen contraction is under the control of noradrenergic sympathetic innervation. The activity of noradrenergic neurons terminating in the spleen capsule is regulated by α2-adrenergic receptors (AR).

Sustained resistance to acute MPTP toxicity by hypothalamic dopamine neurons following chronic neurotoxicant exposure is associated with sustained up-regulation of parkin protein.

Hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons remain unaffected in Parkinson disease (PD) while there is significant degeneration of midbrain nigrostriatal dopamine (NSDA) neurons. A similar pattern of susceptibility is observed following acute exposure to the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and the resistance of TIDA neurons to MPTP is associated with increased expression of parkin and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L-1 (UCHL-1). In the present study, the response of TIDA and NSDA neurons to acute MPTP administration following chronic MPTP exposure was examined.