The impact of the BreastScreen NSW transition from film to digital mammography, 2002-2016: a linked population health data analysis.

Objectives: To assess the impact of the transition from film to digital mammography in the Australian national breast cancer screening program.

Study Design: Retrospective linked population health data analysis (New South Wales Central Cancer Registry, BreastScreen NSW); interrupted time series analysis.

Setting: New South Wales, 2002-2016.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic characteristics for breast cancers in populations with digital vs film mammography indicate the transition may have increased both early detection and overdiagnosis.

Objectives: Film mammography has been replaced by digital mammography in breast screening programs globally. This led to a small increase in the rate of detection, but whether the detection of clinically important cancers increased is uncertain. We aimed to assess the impact on tumor characteristics of screen-detected and interval breast cancers.

Breast Cancer Stage and Size Detected with Film versus Digital Mammography in New South Wales, Australia: A Population-Based Study Using Routinely Collected Data.

Background: Digital mammography has replaced film mammography in breast-screening programs globally, including Australia. This led to an increase in the rate of detection, but whether there was increased detection of clinically important cancers is uncertain.

Methods: In this population-wide retrospective cohort study in New South Wales, Australia spanning 2004 to 2016 and including 4,631,656 screens, there were 22,965 cancers in women screened with film (n = 11,040) or digital mammography (n = 11,925).

Impact of policy changes of Medicare-rebated telehealth services on medical abortions provided at a family planning service during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

This study reviewed data on the mode of delivery of medical abortion care (via face-to-face or telehealth) at a Family Planning service during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic; April 2020 to March 2022. This was considered over time, in the context of changing eligibility criteria for Medicare-rebated telehealth services as well as patient demographic data. The study demonstrated that when Medicare rebates for telehealth are available for all those requiring abortion care, telehealth contributes to care provision alongside face-to-face services, and is more likely to be utilised by people living in regional and remote areas.

Using health administrative data to model associations and predict hospital admissions and length of stay for people with eating disorders.

Background: Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses requiring a whole of health approach. Routinely collected health administrative data has clinical utility in describing associations and predicting health outcome measures. This study aims to develop models to assess the clinical utility of health administrative data in adult eating disorder emergency presentations and length of stay.

Considerations for Evaluating the Introduction of New Cancer Screening Technology: Use of Interval Cancers to Assess Potential Benefits and Harms.

This framework focuses on the importance of the consideration of the downstream intermediate and long-term health outcomes when a change to a screening program is introduced. The authors present a methodology for utilising the relationship between screen-detected and interval cancer rates to infer the benefits and harms associated with a change to the program. A review of the previous use of these measures in the literature is presented.

Who is responsible for postpartum contraception advice and provision? The perspective of hospital-based maternity clinicians in New South Wales, Australia.

Access to postpartum contraception is critical for the health of the mother and subsequent pregnancies. However, the differential roles and responsibilities of maternity care providers in contraception discussions and provision are often unclear. Our study, part of a larger study on midwifery provision of contraceptive implants, presents the perspectives of hospital-based maternity clinicians.

Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis With Adolescent Quality of Life.

Importance: Appropriate diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can improve some short-term outcomes in children and adolescents, but little is known about the association of a diagnosis with their quality of life (QOL).

Objective: To compare QOL in adolescents with and without an ADHD diagnosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study followed an emulated target trial design using prospective, observational data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, a representative, population-based prospective cohort study with biennial data collection from 2006 to 2018 with 8 years of follow-up (ages 6-7 to 14-15 years).

Increased diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder despite stable hyperactive/inattentive behaviours: evidence from two birth cohorts of Australian children.

Background: Globally, ADHD diagnoses have increased substantially and there is concern that this trend does not necessarily reflect improved detection of cases but that overdiagnosis may be occurring. We directly compared ADHD diagnoses with ADHD-related behaviours and looked for changes across time among Australian children in a large, population-based prospective cohort study.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, including 4,699 children born 1999/2000 (cohort 1) and 4,425 children born 2003/2004 (cohort 2), followed from 4 to 13 years of age.

A prospective longitudinal study of health-related quality of life and psychological wellbeing after an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with genetic heart diseases.

Background: Genetic heart diseases (GHDs) can be clinically heterogeneous and pose an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a lifesaving therapy. Impacts on prospective and long-term psychological and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) after ICD implant in patients with GHDs are unknown.

Sexual Difficulties, Problems, and Help-Seeking in a National Representative Sample: The Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships.

The Australian Study of Health and Relationships is a large national population-representative survey of sexual behavior and attitudes conducted every decade. We describe experiences of sexual difficulties lasting at least a month among Australians surveyed in 2012-2013 and identify changes since the previous survey in 2001-2002. Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by 20,091 people aged 16-69 years (participation rate 66%) of whom 16,897 people had had sex with a partner in the previous year.

Attributable factors for the rising cesarean delivery rate over 3 decades: an observational cohort study.

Background: Cesarean delivery rates continue to rise globally, the reasons for which are incompletely understood.

Objective: We aimed to characterize the attributable factors for the increasing cesarean delivery rates over a 30-year period within our health network.

Study Design: This was a planned observational cohort study across 2 hospitals (a large tertiary referral hospital and a metropolitan hospital) in Sydney, Australia using data from a previously published study.

Simulations found within-subject measurement variation in glycaemic measures may cause overdiagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes.

Objective: To determine the impact of test measurement variation on misclassification of prediabetes and diabetes in the US adult population.

Study Design And Setting: Data from adults with no prior diagnosis of diabetes in the 2015 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to simulate populations of US adults eligible for screening. Estimates of measurement variation were applied to each simulated individual's true values to generate observed values for up to five repeated screens.

Feasibility, acceptability and sustainability of postpartum contraceptive implant provision by midwives in NSW public hospitals.

Background: Repeat pregnancy in the first year after a birth is common. Many of these conceptions are unintended and may be prevented by providing access to contraception in the immediate postpartum period. Midwives in the hospital setting could potentially play a greater role in improving postnatal contraception information and provision.

Effect of a School-Based Educational Intervention About the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine on Psychosocial Outcomes Among Adolescents: Analysis of Secondary Outcomes of a Cluster Randomized Trial.

Importance: Delivery of vaccination to adolescents via a school-based program provides an opportunity to promote their involvement in health decision-making, service provision, and self-efficacy (belief in one's ability to perform a certain behavior).

Objective: To examine the effect of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination education and logistical intervention on adolescent psychosocial outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cluster randomized trial and process and qualitative evaluation, adolescents aged 12 to 13 years (first year of high school) were recruited at high schools in Western Australia (WA) and South Australia (SA) in 2013 and 2014.

Outcomes of routine screening for reproductive coercion in a family planning service.

Background Reproductive coercion (RC) occurs when a person's autonomous decision-making regarding reproductive health is compromised by another. RC screening, that is, the use of routine, non-invasive screening questions asked of service users/clients, is one strategy that can be used to assess for RC. Routine screening for RC was implemented within Family Planning NSW clinical consultations in December 2018.

Reproductive experiences and outcomes among a representative sample of women: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships.

Objective: To enumerate pregnancy outcomes for a representative sample of women in Australia surveyed in 2012-2013 (primary aim) and compare these with women surveyed in 2001-2002 (secondary aim).

Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews with over 10,000 women aged 16-69 years (participation rate 68.4%).