Perceived Importance of Types and Characteristics of Support to Informal Caregivers among Spouse Caregivers of Persons with Dementia in Sweden: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study.

Informal caregivers play a crucial role in the care of individuals with dementia, and their caregiving may significantly impact their own health and well-being. This cross-sectional survey study focuses on the perceived importance of various types and characteristics of formal support in a convenience sample of caregivers aged 65 years or older (N = 175) caring for a spouse with dementia. Participants completed a questionnaire containing 17 items describing different types of support and 12 items describing different characteristics of support, rating their importance.

Defining acceptable data collection and reuse standards for queer artificial intelligence research in mental health: protocol for the online PARQAIR-MH Delphi study.

Introduction: For artificial intelligence (AI) to help improve mental healthcare, the design of data-driven technologies needs to be fair, safe, and inclusive. Participatory design can play a critical role in empowering marginalised communities to take an active role in constructing research agendas and outputs. Given the unmet needs of the LGBTQI+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex) community in mental healthcare, there is a pressing need for participatory research to include a range of diverse queer perspectives on issues of data collection and use (in routine clinical care as well as for research) as well as AI design.

Dissociation and other trauma symptomatology are linked to imbalance in the competing neurobehavioral decision systems.

Objective: Dissociation is a conscious state characterized by alterations in sensation and perception and is thought to arise from traumatic life experiences. Previous research has demonstrated that individuals with high levels of dissociation show impairments in cognitive-emotional processes. Therefore, using the Competing Neurobehavioral Decisions System (CNDS) theory, we used statistical modeling to examine whether dissociative experience and trauma symptoms are independently predicted by impulsivity, risk-seeking, affective state (i.

Development and initial validation of the staff perception of residential care environments (SPORE) instrument.

Background: The impact of the physical environment on healthcare staff well-being and work performance is well recognised, yet there is a lack of instruments assessing environmental features from the perspective of staff working in residential care facilities (RCFs) for older people.

Objectives: To develop and provide initial validation of the instrument Staff Perceptions Of Residential care facility Environments (SPORE).

Design: An instrument development and psychometric evaluation study.

Scaffolding cooperation in human groups with deep reinforcement learning.

Effective approaches to encouraging group cooperation are still an open challenge. Here we apply recent advances in deep learning to structure networks of human participants playing a group cooperation game. We leverage deep reinforcement learning and simulation methods to train a 'social planner' capable of making recommendations to create or break connections between group members.

Prediction of conversion to dementia disorders based on timed up and go dual-task test verbal and motor outcomes: a five-year prospective memory-clinic-based study.

Background: While assessment tools can increase the detection of cognitive impairment, there is currently insufficient evidence regarding clinical outcomes based on screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.

Methods: The study purpose was to investigate whether Timed Up and Go dual-task test (TUGdt) results, based on TUG combined with two different verbal tasks (name different animals, TUGdt-NA, and recite months in reverse order, TUGdt-MB), predicted dementia incidence over a period of five years among patients (N = 186, mean = 70.7 years; 45.

Erratum: Humans perceive warmth and competence in artificial intelligence.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.

Humans perceive warmth and competence in artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (A.I.) increasingly suffuses everyday life.

Using the Veil of Ignorance to align AI systems with principles of justice.

The philosopher John Rawls proposed the Veil of Ignorance (VoI) as a thought experiment to identify fair principles for governing a society. Here, we apply the VoI to an important governance domain: artificial intelligence (AI). In five incentive-compatible studies ( = 2, 508), including two preregistered protocols, participants choose principles to govern an Artificial Intelligence (AI) assistant from behind the veil: that is, without knowledge of their own relative position in the group.

Older Adults' Experiences, Worries and Preventive Measures Regarding Home Hazards: A Survey on Home Safety in Sweden.

Home safety is important for preventing injuries and accidents among older adults living at home. Feeling safe at home is also essential for older adults' well-being. Thus, this study aimed to explore older adults' perceptions of safety in their homes by examining their experiences, worries and preventive measures in relation to a range of potential home-based health and safety hazards.

Negotiation and honesty in artificial intelligence methods for the board game of Diplomacy.

The success of human civilization is rooted in our ability to cooperate by communicating and making joint plans. We study how artificial agents may use communication to better cooperate in Diplomacy, a long-standing AI challenge. We propose negotiation algorithms allowing agents to agree on contracts regarding joint plans, and show they outperform agents lacking this ability.

Long-term risk factors for old-age social exclusion in Sweden: a 30-year longitudinal study.

Purpose Of The Research: Social exclusion threatens quality of life in older age. However, there is a lack of research on social exclusion from life-course and gender perspectives. We investigated early- and midlife risk factors for old-age social exclusion among women and men.

A social exclusion perspective on loneliness in older adults in the Nordic countries.

Unlabelled: Several factors associated with loneliness are also considered indicators of social exclusion. While loneliness has been proposed as an outcome of social exclusion, there is limited empirical evidence of a link. This study examines the associations between social exclusion indicators and loneliness in older adults (60+ years) in four Nordic countries.

Informal care provision among male and female working carers: Findings from a Swedish national survey.

Introduction: Informal carers in paid employment-working carers (WKCs)-have complex support needs. However, little is known about WKCs' pattern of informal care provision, the support they receive, the impact providing care has on their employment, and how these vary between male and female WKCs. This study describes the pattern of informal care provision and received support among Swedish WKCs.

Simulated nonlinear genetic and environmental dynamics of complex traits.

Genetic studies of complex traits often show disparities in estimated heritability depending on the method used, whether by genomic associations or twin and family studies. We present a simulation of individual genomes with dynamic environmental conditions to consider how linear and nonlinear effects, gene-by-environment interactions, and gene-by-environment correlations may work together to govern the long-term development of complex traits and affect estimates of heritability from common methods. Our simulation studies demonstrate that the genetic effects estimated by genome wide association studies in unrelated individuals are inadequate to characterize gene-by-environment interaction, while including related individuals in genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) allows gene-by-environment interactions to be recovered in the heritability.

Negative Impact and Positive Value of Caregiving in Spouse Carers of Persons with Dementia in Sweden.

(1) Background: Spouse carers of persons with dementia (PwD) are particularly vulnerable to negative outcomes of care, yet research rarely focuses on their caregiving situation. This study explores factors associated with the positive value and negative impact of caregiving in spouse carers of PwD in Sweden. (2) Methods: The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, with a convenience sample of spouse carers of PwD ( = 163).

The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Older Adults' Decision-Making Related to Health, and Health and Social Care Services in Daily Life-A Scoping Review.

Information and communication technology (ICT) can potentially support older adults in making decisions and increase their involvement in decision-making processes. Although the range of technical products has expanded in various areas of society, knowledge is lacking on the influence that ICT has on older adults' decision-making in everyday situations. Based on the literature, we aimed to provide an overview of the role of ICT in home-dwelling older adults' decision-making in relation to health, and health and social care services.

Cost analysis of informal care: estimates from a national cross-sectional survey in Sweden.

Background: Over the past decades, informal care has increased in most OECD-countries. Informal care is costly to caregivers and to society in the form of lost income and direct costs of providing care. Existing evidence suggests that providing informal care affects caregivers' overall health.

Applying Mixed-Effects Modeling to Behavioral Economic Demand: An Introduction.

Unlabelled: Behavioral economic demand methodology is increasingly being used in various fields such as substance use and consumer behavior analysis. Traditional analytical techniques to fitting demand data have proven useful yet some of these approaches require preprocessing of data, ignore dependence in the data, and present statistical limitations. We term these approaches "fit to group" and "two stage" with the former interested in group or population level estimates and the latter interested in individual subject estimates.

Timed "Up & Go" Dual-Task Tests: Age- and Sex-Specific Reference Values and Test-Retest Reliability in Cognitively Healthy Controls.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to establish reference values for the Uppsala-Dalarna Dementia and Gait (UDDGait) Timed "Up & Go" dual-task (TUGdt) test variables in cognitively healthy adults and to assess these variables' test-retest reliability.

Methods: For reference values, 166 participants were recruited with approximately equal numbers and proportions of women and men in the age groups 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and 80+ years (mean age = 70 years, age range = 50-91 years, 51% women). For reliability testing, 43 individuals (mean age = 69 years, age range = 50-89 years, 51% women) were recruited.

A comparison of spouse and non-spouse carers of people with dementia: a descriptive analysis of Swedish national survey data.

Background: Being an informal carer of a person with dementia (PwD) can have a negative effect on the carer's health and quality of life, and spouse carers have been found to be especially vulnerable. Yet relatively little is known about the care provided and support received by spouse carers. This study compares spouse carers to other informal carers of PwDs regarding their care provision, the support received and the psychosocial impact of care.

Hierarchical Biometrical Genetic Analysis of Longitudinal Dynamics.

For many phenotypes, individual scores are obtained as the parameter estimates of person-level models fit to intensive repeated measures from physiological sensors or experience sampling studies. Biometrical genetic analysis of such phenotypes is often done in a 2-step sequence: first the phenotypic parameters are estimated for each individual, then classical twin modeling is used to partition their variance. This study demonstrates deficiencies in accuracy and statistical power of the two-step approach to estimate genetic signals and advocates for the use of hierarchical models to overcome both problems.

A systematic review of longitudinal risk factors for loneliness in older adults.

Objectives: To effectively reduce loneliness in older adults, interventions should be based on firm evidence regarding risk factors for loneliness in that population. This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise and synthesise longitudinal studies of risk factors for loneliness in older adults.

Methods: Searches were performed in June 2018 in PsycINFO, Scopus, Sociology Collection and Web of Science.