Neurosurgery and spinal adaptations in spaceflight: A literature review.

Background: Spaceflight places astronauts in multiple environments capable of inducing pathological changes. Alterations in the spine have a significant impact on astronauts' health during and after spaceflight. Low back pain is an established and common intra-flight complaint.

Characterization of 475 Novel, Putative Small RNAs (sRNAs) in Carbon-Starved Serovar Typhimurium.

An increasingly apparent role of noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) is to coordinate gene expression during environmental stress. A mounting body of evidence implicates small RNAs (sRNAs) as key drivers of stress survival. Generally thought to be 50-500 nucleotides in length and to occur in intergenic regions, sRNAs typically regulate protein expression through base pairing with mRNA targets.