Do resilience metrics of water distribution systems really assess resilience? A critical review.

Having become vital to satisfying basic human needs, water distribution systems (WDSs) are considered critical infrastructure. They are vulnerable to critical events such as extreme weather, natural and man-made disasters, armed conflicts etc. To account for critical events during design and operation of WDSs, the concept of resilience is frequently mentioned.

Hearing Aid Review Appointments: Attendance and Effectiveness.

Purpose: This study aimed to (a) identify participant factors associated with hearing aid review (HAR) appointment attendance, (b) investigate whether the completion of self-report survey identifying hearing aid-related problems affects HAR appointment attendance, and (c) investigate whether hearing aid problems and hearing aid management deficiencies are adequately addressed during HAR appointments.

Method: A prospective cohort study of adult hearing aid owners recruited from a single hearing clinic in Western Australia. Potential participants were invited to an annual HAR appointment via postal letter.