Association of the Universal Designated Hitter Rule With Changes to Injuries in Major League Baseball Pitchers.

Background: In 2022, Major League Baseball (MLB) implemented the universal designated hitter (DH) rule, thus allowing the pitcher to focus solely on defense while the DH, who bats for the pitcher, focuses solely on offense.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of our study was to determine if implementation of the universal DH rule affected the incidence of injuries in MLB pitchers when compared with before implementation. It was hypothesized that the shift to the universal DH rule would be associated with a decrease in the rate of offense-related pitcher injuries.

Modification of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles by Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) Antagonist: Potential Implications for Inflammation and Pain Reversal.

During the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), the synovium and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) can serve as source for Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), two important pain-transmitting, immune, and inflammation modulating neuropeptides. Our previous studies showed that infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) acquire a potent immunomodulatory phenotype and actively degrade Substance P via CD10 both in vitro and in vivo. On this basis, our hypothesis is that CD10-bound IFP-MSC sEVs can be engineered to target CGRP while retaining their anti-inflammatory phenotype.

Measuring Rates of Visual Field Progression in Linear Versus Nonlinear Scales: Implications for Understanding the Relationship Between Baseline Damage and Target Rates of Glaucoma Progression.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the relationship between baseline visual field damage and the rate of progression depends upon the use of logarithmic (dB) versus linear (1/Lambert) scale.

Methods: A total of 60 eyes (60 patients) with treated, established glaucoma and at least 5 reliable 24-2 visual fields were included. Baseline visual field mean deviation (MD) in dB was transformed to 1/Lambert using standard equation.