Oral Antibiotic Use in Adulthood and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study.

Background And Aims: Prior antibiotic use may be a factor in the rising incidence of colorectal cancer seen in those under 50 years of age (early-onset colorectal cancer [EOCRC]); however, the few studies to examine this link have reported conflicting results. Therefore, we evaluated the association between oral antibiotic use in adulthood and EOCRC in a large integrated healthcare system in the United States.

Methods: A population-based nested case-control study was conducted among Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients 18-49 years of age diagnosed with EOCRC (adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum) in 1998-2020 who had ≥2 years of continuous pharmacy benefit prior to diagnosis.

Effect of biologic agents and inflammation on lipid levels and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Objective: To investigate the effect of biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) on lipids and CVD risk and evaluate associations with changes in systemic inflammation.

Methods: Patients with RA initiating a bDMARD were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months later.

Corrigendum to "The Healthy Kids & Families study: Outcomes of a 24-month childhood obesity prevention intervention" [Prev. Med. Rep. 31 (2023) 102086].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.

Does the Type of Failure and the Choice of the Second Biologic Influence Response and Persistence on Medication in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Background: The type of failure may predict response to a second biologic. We evaluated the response to a second tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) or non-TNFi in patients failing their initial TNFi, either primarily or secondarily.

Methods: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were biologic-naive and had a Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) >10, who started their first TNFi for ≥3 months and then switched to a second biologic, were included in the study.

The Healthy Kids & Families study: Outcomes of a 24-month childhood obesity prevention intervention.

Socioeconomically disadvantaged children experience a high burden of obesity but few interventions address obesity prevention in this population subgroup. The Healthy Kids & Families study tested the effect of a parent-focused community health worker (CHW)-delivered lifestyle intervention to prevent childhood obesity. Participants were child-parent/guardian (Kindergarten to 6th grade at baseline) dyads (n = 247) recruited through schools located in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Worcester, MA, USA.

Longitudinal trends in glycated hemoglobin during and after tuberculosis treatment.

Aims: To investigate the impact of pulmonary TB on glycemic status during and after TB treatment, and associations of glycemic trends with antidiabetic therapy and TB outcomes.

Methods: Data from two prospective cohort studies of adults in Chennai, India, with pulmonary TB were combined for this analysis. Participants were classified by baseline hemoglobin A1 (A1C) as having normoglycemia (NG; n = 74), prediabetes (pre-DM; n = 110), or diabetes (DM; n = 244).

"A Tale of 2 Demons"-Concomitant Presence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of Liver: A Case Report and Review of Literatures.

Neuroendocrine tumors usually originate from the neuroendocrine cells of gastrointestinal tract and their presence in the liver is mostly in the form of metastases. A primary neuroendocrine tumor in the liver concomitantly with hepatocellular carcinoma is an infrequent phenomenon. We present a 66-year-old woman with a remote history of breast cancer coming with postprandial fullness, later found to have multiple liver masses.

The Clinical Disease Activity Index and the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 for Achievement of Treatment Strategies.

Objective: To compare the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) with the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) from 2 large United States registries.

Methods: Using a cross section of clinic visits within 2 registries, we determined whether the outcome of each metric would place the patient in remission (REM), low (LDA), moderate (MDA), or high disease activity (HDA) using the CDAI, with the assumption that a patient in MDA or HDA would be a candidate for acceleration of treatment.

Results: We identified significant disparities between the 2 indices in final disease categorization using each index system.

Hydroxychloroquine and the risk of respiratory infections among RA patients.

Objectives: To determine the effect of hydroxychloroquine on the incidence of new respiratory infections in a large registry of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with a matched cohort receiving other conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs).

Methods: We reviewed physician-reported infections including upper respiratory infections (URI), bronchitis and pneumonia in the Corrona RA registry from June 2008 to February 2020 with the goal of comparing infections in biologic/targeted synthetic (b/ts) DMARDs naive HCQ starts compared with starts of other csDMARDs and no HCQ. Patients on different interventions were compared using time-varying adjusted Cox models adjusting for age, sex, duration of RA, BMI, disease activity, smoking status, concurrent medications, season of the year, year of onset and history of serious infections, diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Impact of Diabetes and Low Body Mass Index on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes.

Background: Diabetes was identified as a tuberculosis (TB) risk factor mostly in retrospective studies with limited assessments of metabolic variables. The prospective Effects of Diabetes on Tuberculosis Severity study compared adults with pulmonary TB in Chennai, India, who were classified as having either diabetes or a normal glucose tolerance at enrollment.

Methods: Baseline TB severity, sputum conversion, and treatment outcomes (cure, failure, death, or loss to follow-up) were compared between groups with respect to glycemic status and body mass index (BMI).

Quadriceps Muscle Size Following ACL Injury and Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Image-based assessments of quadriceps muscle size facilitate examination of structural changes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction (ACLR). Understanding the effects of ACLR on muscle size measures may aid in clarifying the contribution of quadriceps atrophy toward quadriceps strength. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature examining the effects of ACLR on quadriceps muscle volume and cross-sectional area (CSA).

Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Agonist as Adjuvant: Augmenting Development of Protective Memory CD8 T Cell Responses Induced by Influenza Virosomes.

Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is expressed in various tissues, including lung, and when activated, promotes inflammation, differentiation, and migration of dendritic cells. We found that combining influenza virosomes containing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase with a PAR-2 agonist peptide (PAR-2AP) in an intranasal prime boost approach increased survival of mice challenged weeks later with lethal influenza virus over that by virosome or PAR-2AP prime boost alone. No weight loss occurred from influenza challenge after virosome-plus-PAR-2AP prime boost compared with either virosomes or PAR-2AP alone.

Design and methods of the Healthy Kids & Families study: a parent-focused community health worker-delivered childhood obesity prevention intervention.

Background: One third of U.S. children and two thirds of adults are overweight or obese.

Dual-Positive CD4/CD8 Primary Cutaneous Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Previously Classified as Mycosis Fungoides a Tumor D'Emblée.

Cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified represents a "waste basket" of all cases that cannot be put into another of the categories of mature cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Previously, the sudden multifocal development of cutaneous CD4 tumors without preceding a patch or plaque stage was classified as d'emblée form of mycosis fungoides (MF). Currently, the term "MF" reserved only for the classic Alibert-Bazin type characterized by the evolution of patches, plaques, and tumors or for variants showing a similar clinical course.

Listeria monocytogenes infection enhances the interaction between rat non-classical MHC-Ib molecule and Ly49 receptors.

Murine NK cell Ly49 receptors, functionally analogous to KIRs in humans recognize MHC class I molecules and play a key role in controlling NK cell function. We have previously shown that the paired activating Ly49s4 and inhibitory Ly49i4 receptors recognize undefined non-classical MHC-Ib ligands from the RT1-CE region in rats. Here, the RT1-CE16 gene of the RT1 haplotype was stably transfected into the mouse RAW macrophage cell line, termed RAW-CE16 cells.

Comparison of Dietary Quality Assessment Using Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-hour-recalls in Older Men and Women.

Objectives: To examine the agreement in nutrient intake and alternative healthy eating indices (AHEI) between a self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hour recall (24HR) measurements of diet by gender, among older adults.

Material And Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study of 105 men and 99 women aged 65 and older living in urban and rural neighborhoods in Worcester County, Massachusetts, USA. Participants were queried on diet using both FFQ and 24HR.

Youth access to indoor tanning salons in urban versus rural/suburban communities.

Background/purpose: Research suggests that youth proximity to tanning salons may promote use; however, little is known about tanning salon proximity to schools. We assessed the proximity of tanning salons to schools in urban versus rural/suburban communities across Worcester County, Massachusetts (population > 800K). To put findings in context, we compared school proximity to tanning salons to school proximity to McDonald's restaurants, a large franchise that also caters to young people.

Epithelial-Myeloid cell crosstalk regulates acinar cell plasticity and pancreatic remodeling in mice.

Dedifferentiation of acini to duct-like cells occurs during the physiologic damage response in the pancreas, but this process can be co-opted by oncogenic Kras to drive carcinogenesis. Myeloid cells infiltrate the pancreas during the onset of pancreatic cancer, and promote carcinogenesis. Here, we show that the function of infiltrating myeloid cells is regulated by oncogenic Kras expressed in epithelial cells.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Female NOD Mice Reveals Daily Rhythms and a Negative Correlation With Body Temperature.

Previous studies with continuous glucose monitoring in mice have been limited to several days or weeks, with the mouse's physical attachment to the equipment affecting behavior and measurements. In the current study, we measured blood glucose and body temperature at 10-second intervals for 12 weeks in a cohort of NOD/ShiLtJ female mice using wireless telemetry. This allowed us to obtain a high-resolution profile of the circadian rhythm of these two parameters and the onset of hyperglycemic development in real time.

Microvascular changes in Down syndrome with Alzheimer's-type pathology: Insights into a potential vascular mechanism for Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The mechanism triggering degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains uncertain. Therapeutic failure following amyloid β (Aβ) removal casts doubt on amyloid neurotoxicity per se as the primary cause of AD. Impaired microvascular function has been suggested as an alternative etiology.

Listeria monocytogenes infection differentially affects expression of ligands for NK cells and NK cell responses, depending on the cell type infected.

The pivotal role of NK cells in viral infection is extensively studied, whereas the role of NK cells in bacterial infection has been poorly investigated. Here, we have examined how Listeria monocytogenes (LM) affects expression of ligands for NK cell receptors and subsequent NK cell responses, depending on the type of cell infected. LM infected rat cell lines derived from different tissues were coincubated with splenic NK cells, and NK cell proliferation and IFN-γ production were measured.