Non-AIDS-Defining Malignancies in Patients with HIV in the HAART Era.

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has drastically changed the scope and spectrum of diseases associated with HIV, shifting from AIDS-related to non-AIDS-related diseases. Studies linking HIV/AIDS databases to cancer registries have shown a dramatic decrease in AIDS-related malignancies and a steady increase in non-AIDS-defining malignancies (NADM). We review the causes underlying the rise in incidence of NADM and the clinical presentation, pathology, and treatment outcomes of the four most commonly encountered NADM in the HAART era.