Transient Complete Asthenozoospermia.

Limited research exists on the mechanisms underlying asthenozoospermia associated with acquired ciliary dyskinesia. Primary ciliary dyskinesia links respiratory pathology with infertility and provides a basis for a potential mechanism. The aetiology of asthenozoospermia is often unclear and may be secondary to direct or indirect effects on sperm motility.

An Individualized Approach to Managing Testosterone Therapy in the Primary Care Setting.

The incidence of testosterone deficiency and the use of testosterone therapy have increased in recent years, and currently the majority of testosterone prescriptions in the United States and Canada are written by primary care physicians. Meanwhile, the range of available testosterone therapy formulations has widened to include buccal tablets, intramuscular injections, transdermal gels, intranasal gel, subcutaneous injections, oral capsules, and subdermal pellets, each with unique pharmacokinetic and clinical characteristics. Despite the growing use of testosterone therapy and its overall efficacy and safety as demonstrated in clinical trials, concerns exist about the potential impact of testosterone therapy on spermatogenesis and fertility, development of prostate cancer, and risk of polycythemia and cardiovascular events.