The Role of State Versus Trait Anxiety on Cognition in Older Adults With Major Depressive Disorder.

Objective: Anxiety superimposed on late life depression (LLD) results in greater changes to prefrontal and medial temporal brain regions compared to depression alone. Yet, the combined impact of anxiety and depression on cognition in LLD has not been thoroughly investigated. The current study investigated whether annual changes in state and trait anxiety were associated with cognitive changes in older adults with major depression.

Neuropsychological Assessments of Cognitive Impairment in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression.

Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction or deficits are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The current study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes multiple domains of cognitive impairment in patients with MDD.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception through May 17, 2023, with no language limits.

Olfactory Dysfunction and Depression Trajectories in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background: We examined the relationship between baseline olfactory performance and incident significant depressive symptoms and longitudinal depression trajectories in well-functioning older adults. Inflammation and cognitive status were examined as potential mediators.

Methods: Older adults (n = 2 125, 71-82 years, 51% female, 37% Black) completed an odor identification task at Year 3 (our study baseline) of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study.

Mid-life leukocyte telomere length and dementia risk: An observational and mendelian randomization study of 435,046 UK Biobank participants.

Telomere attrition is one of biological aging hallmarks and may be intervened to target multiple aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias (AD/ADRD). The objective of this study was to assess associations of leukocyte telomere length (TL) with AD/ADRD and early markers of AD/ADRD, including cognitive performance and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotypes. Data from European-ancestry participants in the UK Biobank (n = 435,046) were used to evaluate whether mid-life leukocyte TL is associated with incident AD/ADRD over a mean follow-up of 12.

Exposure to ultrafine particles and cognitive decline among older people in the United States.

Background: Some studies suggest that ambient particulate air pollution is associated with cognitive decline. However, the findings are mixed, and there is no relevant research examining the influences of ultrafine particles (UFP), which may have more toxicity than larger particles. We therefore conducted this study to investigate whether residential UFP exposure is associated with cognitive decline using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers in the United States.

The neurobiology of apathy in depression and neurocognitive impairment in older adults: a review of epidemiological, clinical, neuropsychological and biological research.

Apathy is a common condition that involves diminished initiative, diminished interest and diminished emotional expression or responsiveness. It is highly prevalent in the context of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and is related to poor health outcomes. Presence of apathy is associated with cognitive and functional decline in dementia.

Effects of Longitudinal Changes in Neuroticism and Stress on Cognitive Decline.

Objective: The relationships among depression, personality factors, stress, and cognitive decline in the elderly are complex. Depressed elders score higher in neuroticism than nondepressed older individuals. Independently, the presence of neuroticism and the number of stressful life events are each associated with worsening cognitive decline in depressed older adults.

Reliable Cognitive Decline in Late-Life Major Depression.

Objective: Major depression in older adults increases the statistical likelihood of dementia. It is challenging to translate statistical evidence of cognitive decline at the group level into knowledge of individual cognitive outcomes. The objective of the current study is to investigate 2-year reliable cognitive change in late-life depression (LLD), which will enhance understanding of cognitive changes in LLD and provide a means to assess individual change.

Older adult driving performance assessed under simulated and on-road conditions.

Simulated driving offers a convenient test of driving ability for older drivers, although the viability of using simulated driving with this population is mixed. The relative weighting of the relevant perceptual, cognitive, and physical factors may vary between simulated and on-road driving. The current study was designed to assess this possibility.

Association of 1-year change in neuroticism and 3-year change in cognitive performance among older depressed adults.

Objectives: The relationships among depression, personality factors, and cognitive decline in the elderly are complex. Depressed elders score higher in neuroticism than nondepressed older individuals. Presence of neuroticism worsens cognitive decline in depressed older adults.

Cognitive Impairment in Older Incarcerated Males: Education and Race Considerations.

Objective: Assess cognitive impairment (global cognition and executive functioning) in older incarcerated males overall, and according to education and race.

Design: Cross-sectional PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 239 racially diverse (37.7% White, 41.

Structural brain changes and neuroticism in late-life depression: a neural basis for depression subtypes.

The neurobiological basis of neuroticism in late-life depression (LLD) is understudied. We hypothesized that older depressed subjects scoring high in measures of neuroticism would have smaller hippocampal and prefrontal volumes compared with non-neurotic older depressed subjects and with nondepressed comparison subjects based on previous research. Non-demented subjects were recruited and were either depressed with high neuroticism (n = 65), depressed with low neuroticism (n = 36), or never depressed (n = 27).

Cognitive variability, brain aging, and cognitive decline in late-life major depression.

Objectives: Older adults with late-life major depression (LLMD) are at increased risk of dementia. Dispersion, or within-person performance variability across cognitive tests, is a potential marker of cognitive decline. This study examined group differences in dispersion between LLMD and nondepressed healthy controls (HC) and investigated whether dispersion was a predictor of cognitive performance 1 year later in LLMD.

Training the Next Generation of Geriatric-Focused Clinical Neuroscientists.

It remains challenging to integrate clinical neuroscience into clinical practice. Hindrances at the training level (e.g.

State of the Science of Neural Systems in Late-Life Depression: Impact on Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcome.

Major depression in older adults, or late-life depression (LLD), is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Although the effects of LLD make it important to achieve a diagnosis and start treatment quickly, individuals with LLD are often inadequately or unsuccessfully treated. The latest treatment developments suggest that interventions targeting executive dysfunction and neuroticism, constructs associated with poor response to antidepressants in older adults, are successful in treating LLD.

Driving after brain injury: Does dual-task modality matter?

Background: Virtual reality technology allows neuropsychologists to examine complex, real-world behaviors with high ecological validity and can provide an understanding of the impact of demanding dual-tasks on driving performance.

Objective: We hypothesized that a task imposing high cognitive and physical demands (coin-sorting) would result in the greatest reduction in driving maintenance performance.

Methods: Twenty participants with acquired brain injury and 28 healthy controls were included in the current study.

Presence of neuroticism and antidepressant remission rates in late-life depression: results from the Neurobiology of Late-Life Depression (NBOLD) study.

ABSTRACTNeuroticism in older adults is common yet understudied, particularly its effects on depression treatment outcomes. We hypothesized that presence of high neuroticism would be associated with lower 12-week remission rates in older depressed sertraline-treated patients. In this longitudinal cohort study, 43 depressed older adults completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R).

Negative Affectivity, Aging, and Depression: Results From the Neurobiology of Late-Life Depression (NBOLD) Study.

Objective: Neuroticism is a common yet understudied condition in older adults. We hypothesized that presence of high negativity affectivity (NA), a key feature of neuroticism, would be associated with different prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and connectivity patterns in depressed and never-depressed older adults.

Methods: This is a baseline cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study of 52 depressed and 36 never-depressed older adults.

Neuroticism Traits Selectively Impact Long Term Illness Course and Cognitive Decline in Late-Life Depression.

Objectives: Neuroticism is a broad construct that conveys a predisposition to experience psychological distress and negative mood states. Vulnerability to stress (VS) is one neuroticism trait that has been linked to worse mood and cognitive outcomes in older adults. We hypothesized that elevated VS would be associated with worse illness course and cognitive decline in older adults with late-life major depression (LLD).