Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a salvaged penumbra: Longitudinal high-tesla perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in a rat model.

Introduction: Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury varies between cortical and subcortical regions, its effects on specific regions remain unclear. In this study, we used various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of I/R injury within the salvaged ischemic penumbra (IP) and reperfused ischemic core (IC) of a rodent model, with the aim of enhancing therapeutic strategies by elucidating these dynamics.

Materials And Methods: A total of 17 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 1 h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with a suture model.

Estimating the volume of penumbra in rodents using DTI and stack-based ensemble machine learning framework.

Background: This study investigates the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in identifying penumbral volume (PV) compared to the standard gadolinium-required perfusion-diffusion mismatch (PDM), utilizing a stack-based ensemble machine learning (ML) approach with enhanced explainability.

Methods: Sixteen male rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. The penumbra was identified using PDM at 30 and 90 min after occlusion.

Sporadic pediatric vestibular schwannoma: a case report in a 4-year-old boy.

Sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are rare in children. When occurred in the pediatric population, they usually appear bilaterally and are related to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). The current study reports a 4-year-old boy without family history of VS or NF2 who presented with a large (5.

An Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma With SOX5::ALK: A Novel Fusion.

Infant-type hemispheric glioma (IHG) is a rare pediatric brain tumor with variable response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Molecular insights into IHG can be useful in identifying potentially active targeted therapy. A male fetus was found to have congenital hydrocephalus at the gestational age of 37 weeks.

Development of End-to-End Artificial Intelligence Models for Surgical Planning in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a commonly used technique for treating lumbar degenerative diseases. In this study, we developed a fully computer-supported pipeline to predict both the cage height and the degree of lumbar lordosis subtraction from the pelvic incidence (PI-LL) after TLIF surgery, utilizing preoperative X-ray images. The automated pipeline comprised two primary stages.

Detection of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis from X-ray Images Using Deep Learning Network.

Spondylolisthesis refers to the displacement of a vertebral body relative to the vertrabra below it, which can cause radicular symptoms, back pain or leg pain. It usually occurs in the lower lumbar spine, especially in women over the age of 60. The prevalence of spondylolisthesis is expected to rise as the global population ages, requiring prudent action to promptly identify it in clinical settings.

Adrenal Crisis Mimicking COVID-19 Encephalopathy in a Teenager with Craniopharyngioma.

There is an increasing number of reported cases with neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in children. Symptoms include headache, general malaise, ageusia, seizure and alterations in consciousness. The differential diagnosis includes several potentially lethal conditions including encephalopathy, encephalitis, intracranial hemorrhage, thrombosis and adrenal crisis.

Myeloperoxidase exerts anti-tumor activity in glioma after radiotherapy.

Background: Host immune response is a critical component in tumorigenesis and immune escape. Radiation is widely used for glioblastoma (GBM) and can induce marked tissue inflammation and substantially alter host immune response. However, the role of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key enzyme in inflammation and host immune response, in tumorigenesis after radiotherapy is unclear.

Giant cystic hypothalamic hamartoma in an infant associated with persistent syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Background: A giant hypothalamic hamartoma (GHH) is a rare congenital malformation only reported in a few cases in the literature and is often associated with precocious puberty, gelastic seizures, or less commonly, Pallister-Hall syndrome. Persistent syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is very rare in infancy, and most patients with GHH do not develop persistent SIADH, usually only transient electrolyte disturbances postoperatively. Previous cases of GHH have not been associated with persistent derangements in antidiuretic hormone levels.

Febrile seizures reduce hippocampal subfield volumes but not cortical thickness in children with focal onset seizures.

Objectives: Whether febrile seizures (FS) produce long-term injury to the hippocampus or other brain structures is a critical question concerning focal onset seizures in children. Our aims are to evaluate the effect of FS on subfields of the hippocampus, thalamic nuclei, amygdala, cortical thickness, and surface area quantitatively in children with FS who later developed focal seizures and to identify biomarkers based on MRI structures.

Methods: Children who had focal onset seizures with or without previous FS and normal 3-T MRI findings were included retrospectively.

Perfusion Imaging Predicts Favorable Outcomes after Basilar Artery Thrombectomy.

Objective: Perfusion imaging identifies anterior circulation stroke patients who respond favorably to endovascular thrombectomy (ET), but its role in basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is unknown. We hypothesized that BAO patients with limited regions of severe hypoperfusion (time to reach maximum concentration in seconds [Tmax] > 10) would have a favorable response to ET compared to patients with more extensive regions involved.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of BAO patients with perfusion imaging prior to ET.

Added Value of Rescue Devices in Intra-Arterial Thrombectomy: When Should We Apply Them?

Recent trials have demonstrated the superior efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy over other medical treatments for acute ischemic stroke; however, not every large vessel occlusion (LVO) can be recanalized using a single thrombectomy device. Rescue devices were proved to increase the reperfusion rate, but the efficacy is unclear. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of rescue therapy in different locations of LVO.

Magnetic resonance radiomics features and prognosticators in different molecular subtypes of pediatric Medulloblastoma.

Purpose: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor. In the latest classification, medulloblastoma is divided into four distinct groups: wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. We analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging radiomics features to find the imaging surrogates of the 4 molecular subgroups of MB.

Quantitative analysis of intraoperative electrocorticography mirrors histopathology and seizure outcome after epileptic surgery in children.

Background: Epileptic surgery is the potentially curative treatment for children with refractory seizures. The study aimed to quantify and analyze high frequency oscillation (HFO) ripples and interictal epileptiform discharges (EDs) in intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) between malformation of cortical dysplasia (MCD) and non-MCD children with MRI-lesional focal epilepsy, and evaluate of seizure outcomes after epileptic surgery.

Methods: The intraoperative ECoG was performed before and after lesionectomy.

Use of Contrast Medium Volume to Guide Prophylactic Hydration to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury After Contrast Administration: A Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether contrast medium volume and method of administration and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate influence the efficacy of prophylactic hydration for prevention of acute kidney injury after contrast administration. An online search of PubMed conducted on August 25, 2017, produced a total of 697 studies. After the reports were reviewed, nine were included in this study.

Benchmarking of computational error-correction methods for next-generation sequencing data.

Background: Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing have rapidly improved our ability to study genomic material at an unprecedented scale. Despite substantial improvements in sequencing technologies, errors present in the data still risk confounding downstream analysis and limiting the applicability of sequencing technologies in clinical tools. Computational error correction promises to eliminate sequencing errors, but the relative accuracy of error correction algorithms remains unknown.

Molecular-Clinical Correlation in Pediatric Medulloblastoma: A Cohort Series Study of 52 Cases in Taiwan.

In 2016, a project was initiated in Taiwan to adopt molecular diagnosis of childhood medulloblastoma (MB). In this study, we aimed to identify a molecular-clinical correlation and somatic mutation for exploring risk-adapted treatment, drug targets, and potential genetic predisposition. In total, 52 frozen tumor tissues of childhood MBs were collected.

Computer-aided diagnosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase genotypes in glioblastomas from radiomic patterns.

World Health Organization tumor classifications of the central nervous system differentiate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) into wild-type (WT) and mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotypes. This study proposes a noninvasive computer-aided diagnosis to interpret the status of IDH in glioblastomas from transformed magnetic resonance imaging patterns. The collected image database was composed of 32 WT and 7 mutant IDH cases.