Development of the Positive Outcomes through Supported Transition (POST) opioid preventive intervention for youth in the legal system: Study protocol for a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial.

Adolescents and young adults in the legal system (AYALS) are at high risk for opioid use disorder (OUD). Effective, efficient interventions to prevent OUD that support youth as they transition to the community are needed. The Positive Outcomes through Supported Transition intervention trial is designed to identify the optimal intensity and sequence of behavioral skills and case management components for OUD prevention.

Medially Positioned Single Mucoperiosteal Flap With and Without Allograft Membrane for Repair of Congenital Cleft Palate in 4 Dogs.

Congenital cleft of the secondary palate occurs when there is failure of one or both maxillary processes to fuse with the nasal septum during embryonic development. Palatal cleft severity can range from a simple focal fissure of the caudal soft palate to full-thickness defects of varied widths involving the entire soft and hard palate. A novel staged medially positioned single mucoperiosteal flap technique in 4 canine patients is reported.

A Good Place to Do Time? Detailing the Construction of Symbolic Social Boundaries in Correctional Boot Camps.

Drawing on qualitative interviews with 51 incarcerated adult men and nine correctional officers in a Western Canadian prison system, we ask why some incarcerated people find it appealing to be placed on correctional boot camp units and what such appeals tell us about broader conditions of incarceration. Participants on three boot camp units drew on narratives relating to (a) extrinsic benefits, (b) discipline and structure, (c) teamwork and positive relationships, and (d) an opportunity for self-improvement to construct symbolic boundaries between "normal" units and boot camps, as well as their former self and their transformed current self. By drawing symbolic boundaries between the past and present and between other units and their boot camp unit, our participants create narratives that allow them to partially mitigate some pains of imprisonment.

Prevention of Opioid Use and Disorder Among Youth Involved in the Legal System: Innovation and Implementation of Four Studies Funded by the NIDA HEAL Initiative.

Youth involved in the legal system (YILS) experience rates of opioid and substance use disorders (OUD/SUDs) and overdose that is well above those in the general population. Despite the dire need, and the existing programs that focus on treatment of these problems in YILS, research on opioid initiation, and OUD prevention, including feasibility and sustainability, are severely limited. We present four studies testing interventions that, while not necessarily novel as SUD treatments, test novel structural and interpersonal strategies to prevent opioid initiation/OUD precursors: (1) ADAPT (Clinical Trial No.

Calories, commerce, and culture: The multiple valuations of food in prison.

In the last two decades, a body of critical scholarship has emerged accentuating the social and cultural importance of food in prison. This article employs a tripartite conceptual framework for contemplating and demarcating food's different valuations in prison. We draw from our interviews with over 500 incarcerated individuals to demonstrate how acquiring, trading, and preparing food is inscribed with use, exchange, and sign values.

Family, Mental Health, and Placement Outcomes of a Low-cost Preventive Intervention for Youth in Foster Care.

This study assessed secondary outcomes of a low-cost, self-directed, family-based prevention program for families with youth placed in their care by state child welfare agencies. Families caring for youth aged 11 to 15 years within Washington State were recruited and randomly assigned into either the program ( = 110) or a treatment-as-usual control condition ( = 110). The program included a 10-week sequence of self-directed family activities and DVDs with video clips.

Evaluation of a Brief Foster Parent/ Case Worker Training to Support Relationship Building Skills and Acceptance of LGBTQ+ Youth in Care.

LGTBQ+ youth in foster care need unique support and acceptance; however, few case workers and caregivers receive specialized training. To address this, the eLearning was developed. This evaluation assesses whether attitudes and behavioral intentions regarding LGBTQ+ youth improved as a result of this training.

"I have to be a man for my son": The narrative uses of fatherhood in prison.

Research on incarcerated fathers tends to accentuate the harmful familial consequences of parental incarceration and discuss how having children might prompt incarcerated fathers to desist from crime. Less attention has focused on how narratives of fatherhood shape the day-to-day dynamics of incarceration. Drawing on 93 qualitative interviews with incarcerated fathers in Western Canada, we focus specifically on our participants' parenting narratives.

Methodological Strategies for Prospective Harmonization of Studies: Application to 10 Distinct Outcomes Studies of Preventive Interventions Targeting Opioid Misuse.

The Helping to End Addiction Long-Term (HEAL) Prevention Cooperative (HPC) is rapidly developing 10 distinct evidence-based interventions for implementation in a variety of settings to prevent opioid misuse and opioid use disorder. One HPC objective is to compare intervention impacts on opioid misuse initiation, escalation, severity, and disorder and identify whether any HPC interventions are more effective than others for types of individuals. It provides a rare opportunity to prospectively harmonize measures across distinct outcomes studies.

Two-Year Risk Behavior Outcomes from Connecting, a Prevention Program for Caregivers and Youth in Foster Care.

This study experimentally tested risk behavior outcomes of Connecting, a low-cost, self-directed, family-based prevention program for families with youth placed in their care by state child welfare agencies. Families caring for youth aged 11 to 15 years from across Washington State were recruited and randomly assigned to either the self-directed program with supplemental support (n = 110) or a treatment as usual control condition (n = 110). Program materials included a workbook with family activities and DVDs with video clips.

Cystic Odontogenic Tumor with Features of Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst in 3 Cats and a Dog.

This case series describes the clinical appearance, radiographic appearance and histopathologic features of 4 patients (3 cats and 1 dog) with unique cystic oral lesions that are consistent with a diagnosis of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC). COC is a rare odontogenic lesion in humans that has not been previously reported in companion animals. Historically, COC in humans has been classified as a benign cystic neoplasm and as a non-neoplastic odontogenic cyst.

Factors Associated With Trajectories of Externalizing Behavior in Preschoolers.

Objective: More media exposure and life stressors are associated with higher levels of externalizing behaviors in young children; however, their joint impact on externalizing behavior trajectory is unknown. This study assessed the relationship of stressful life events (SLE), media exposure, and additional demographic and family variables on the trajectory of externalizing behaviors in preschool-aged children.

Methods: Participants were children ages 3 to 5 years from a large, 18-month duration, randomized control trial to reduce inappropriate media exposure.

Orthodontic Inclined Plane Application Using a Visible Light Cure Acrylic Material for Treatment of Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth.

Malocclusion is a common problem in dogs. Linguoverted canine teeth (class I malocclusion) can cause palatal defects, oronasal fistulae, dental wear, and periodontal disease. Mandibular distoclusion (class II malocclusion), in which the mandibular arch occludes caudal to its normal position relative to the maxillary arch, can further contribute to lingual displacement of mandibular canine teeth.

Development and Implementation of Businesses That Care in Zacatecas, Mexico.

As part of the Global Smart Drinking Goals campaign launched in 2018 in 6 "City Pilots" around the world, the Businesses That Care (BTC; Empresas Que se Cuidan in Spanish) prevention system was developed and implemented in Zacatecas, Mexico. BTC is a private business sector adaptation of the Communities That Care prevention system. BTC is designed to address underage alcohol use through a combination of a company-led prevention system, an adapted family-based prevention program with parents employed at participating companies, and environmental prevention strategies for company employees.

Proximal Outcomes of , an Evidence-based, Family-focused Prevention Program for Caregivers of Adolescents in Foster Care.

This study experimentally tested proximal outcomes of a low-cost, self-directed, family-based substance-use prevention program for foster families. Families (n = 220) fostering youth age 11 to 15 years were recruited and randomly assigned into the self-administered program with telephone support (n = 110) or a treatment as usual, control condition (n = 110). Program materials included a workbook with family activities and DVDs with video clips.

Barriers to recruitment, retention and intervention delivery in a randomized trial among patients with firearm injuries.

Background: We discuss barriers to recruitment, retention, and intervention delivery in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of patients presenting with firearm injuries to a Level 1 trauma center. The intervention was adapted from the Critical Time Intervention and included a six-month period of support in the community after hospital discharge to address recovery goals. This study was one of the first RCTs of a hospital- and community-based intervention provided solely among patients with firearm injuries.

Narcan and Narcan't: Implementation factors influencing police officer use of Narcan.

First responders-including police officers-play a prominent role in managing the risk of fentanyl overdoses. In many jurisdictions, they have Naloxone (also commercially available as Narcan) at their disposal to counter the effects of an opioid overdose. Little empirical research exists on how effectively police are incorporating this emergency rescue medication into routine practice.

Helping individuals with firearm injuries: A cluster randomized trial.

Background: Patients with firearm injuries are at high risk of subsequent arrest and injury following hospital discharge. We sought to evaluate the effect of a 6-month joint hospital- and community-based low-intensity intervention on risk of arrest and injury among patients with firearm injuries.

Methods: We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial, enrolling patients with firearm injuries who received treatment at Harborview Medical Center, the level 1 trauma center in Seattle, Washington, were 18 years or older at the time of injury, spoke English, were able to provide consent and a method of contact, and lived in one of the five study counties.

Understanding the intergenerational transmission of substance use and problem behavior: Implications for future research and preventive interventions.

The Constitution of the Iroquois Nation states that we should "look and listen for the welfare of the whole people and have always in view not only the present, but also the coming generations." The excellent intergenerational longitudinal studies represented here help us better understand patterns of behaviors across generations. Collectively, these studies provide a pathway for future research on contexts and trends in substance use, research on age of onset among early generations, and research related to epigenetics to improve prevention interventions.

The Usual, Racialized, Suspects: The Consequence of Police Contacts with Black and White Youth on Adult Arrest.

Research on race and policing indicates that Black Americans experience a greater frequency of police contacts, discretionary stops, and police harassment when stops occur. Yet, studies examining the long-term consequences of police contact with young people have not examined whether criminal justice consequences of police contact differ by race. We address this issue by examining whether police encounters with children and adolescents predict arrest in young adulthood and if these effects are the same for Black and White individuals.