A Survey of Attitudes and Training of Pediatric Dentistry Residents and Faculty in the United States Regarding the LGBTQ Patient Population.

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and training of pediatric dental residents and faculty on the management of patients who belong to the LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) community. This cross-sectional survey included a 16-item questionnaire to assess the attitudes and training regarding the LGBTQ population, separately for pediatric dental residents and faculty across the United States. Statistical significance was set at the level of five percent, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and Fisher's exact tests.

Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID): an expert consensus-based statement.

Background: Reporting guidelines for different study designs are currently available to report studies with accuracy and transparency. There is a need to develop supplementary guideline items that are specific to areas within Pediatric Dentistry. This study aims to develop Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID) guidelines using a pre-defined expert consensus-based Delphi process.

Prospective randomized clinical trial of primary molar crowns: 36-month results.

Purpose: To clinically evaluate the clinical success of a primary zirconia molar crown, compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs).

Methods: This randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed as a split-mouth study. 50 subjects ranging in age from 3-7 years were recruited to provide a total of 50 paired teeth requiring primary molar crowns, each participant receiving a SSC and zirconia crown.

Survival of Zirconia Crowns in Primary Maxillary Incisors at 12-, 24- and 36-Month Follow-Up.

The purpose of this study was to assess the survival probability of zirconia crowns (ZCs) on primary maxillary incisors placed in children diagnosed with severe early childhood caries at 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up visits in a university pediatric dental clinic. Ninety-four teeth in 30 healthy 24- to 60-month-olds who received ZCs under general anesthesia participated in this study ( equals 94). Data included children's demographics, dental-related variables, appointment dates, survival of crown, and type of failure (defined as replacement of lost ZCs or extraction of the treated tooth due to evidence of apical periodontitis prior to natural exfoliation).

Hidden Caries: A Case Report of a 17 Years Old Male with Two Affected Mandibular Premolars.

Hidden caries is the term used to describe carious lesions that are not visualized clinically on erupted teeth but can be detected radiographically. The exact etiology remains an area of controversy. The purpose of the current case report was to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of two mandibular premolars with hidden caries.

Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID): A development protocol.

Reporting guidelines can improve the quality of reports of research findings. Some specialities in health care however require guidance on areas that are not captured within the existing guidelines, and this is the case for Paediatric Dentistry where no such standards are available to guide the reporting of different types of study designs. The 'Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry' (RAPID) group aims to address this need by developing guidelines on reporting elements of research of particular relevance to Paediatric Dentistry.

Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective.

Background: This paper is a summary of the proceedings of the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry Bangkok Conference on early childhood caries (ECC) held in 3-4 November 2018.

Aim: The paper aims to convey a global perspective of ECC definitions, aetiology, risk factors, societal costs, management, educational curriculum, and policy.

Design: This global perspective on ECC is the compilation of the state of science, current concepts, and literature regarding ECC from worldwide experts on ECC.

Inhibition of Demineralization at Restoration Margins of Z100 and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill in Dentin and Enamel.

Recurrent caries is still considered the main reason restorations need to be replaced. There are different materials available now that promise to reduce the possibility of recurrent caries by releasing fluoride and inhibiting restoration marginal caries. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the demineralization inhibition potential of a non-fluoride-releasing resin (Z100 3M, St.

Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of Primary Molar Crowns: 24-Month Results.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of a new primary zirconia molar crown compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs). This randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed as a split-mouth study. Fifty three- to seven-year-old children were recruited to provide a total of 50 pairs of teeth requiring primary molar crowns, with each participant receiving a SSC and zirconia crown.

Dentin and enamel demineralization inhibition at restoration margins of Vitremer, Z 100 and Cention N.

Purpose: To examine the in vitro caries inhibition of a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, and a fluoride and calcium releasing resin-based composite.

Methods: Standardized Class V preparations were placed in 30 molars, the gingival margin placed below the cemento-enamel junction. Randomly, 10 Vitremer, 10 Z 100 and 10 Cention N restorations were placed according to manufacturer's instructions, in 30 teeth.

Fluoride release and re-release from a bioactive restorative material.

Purpose: To compare the amount of fluoride release and re-release of three different restorative materials.

Methods: The three restorative materials included a resin-based composite (Z100TM, 3M-ESPE), a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (VitremerTM, 3M-ESPE) and a bioactive material (Activa Bioactive-RestorativeTM, Pulpdent,). Ten disks were fabricated from each material.

Fluoride release and re-release from various esthetic restorative materials.

Purpose: To measure the amount of fluoride release and re-release after re-charge from two commonly used esthetic restorative materials and compare it to a new experimental material.

Methods: 30 standardized disc-shaped specimens were fabricated using resin-based composite (Z100), resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Vitremer) and a new experimental material which is a self-curing resin-based composite with light curing option. 10 specimens were made from each material.

HPV Vaccination and the Role of the Pediatric Dentist: Survey of Graduate Program Directors.

Purpose: This study's purpose was to evaluate what is currently being taught in graduate pediatric dental programs regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV), the HPV vaccine, and risk factors associated with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).

Methods: A 42-question survey was administered via paper-and-pen survey instrument to attendees at the 2016 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) annual meeting for graduate and associate program directors. The survey included questions evaluating attitudes/beliefs toward the HPV vaccine and current training in graduate pediatric dentistry programs and aimed to define whether the directors believe that the discussion of HPV vaccination and associated risk factors was within the scope of practice for pediatric dentists.

Dentin sialoprotein facilitates dental mesenchymal cell differentiation and dentin formation.

Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is a dentin extracellular matrix protein. It is involved in dental mesenchymal cell lineages and dentin formation through regulation of its target gene expression. DSP mutations cause dentin genetic diseases.

Dentin Sialoprotein is a Novel Substrate of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in vitro and in vivo.

Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is essential for dentinogenesis and processed into fragments in the odontoblast-like cells and the tooth compartments. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is expressed in teeth from early embryonic to adult stage. Although MMP9 has been reported to be involved in some physiological and pathological conditions through processing substrates, its role in tooth development and whether DSP is a substrate of MMP9 remain unknown.

Sealants for Preventing and Arresting Pit-and-fissure Occlusal Caries in Primary and Permanent Molars.

Background: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 data indicated that, in the United States, nearly onefourth of children and over one-half of adolescents experienced dental caries in their permanent teeth. The purpose of this review was to summarize the available clinical evidence regarding the effect of dental sealants for the prevention and management of pit-and-fissure occlusal carious lesions in primary and permanent molars, compared with a control without sealants, with fluoride varnishes, or with other head-to head comparisons.

Type Of Studies Reviewed: The authors included parallel and split-mouth randomized controlled trials that included at least 2 years of follow-up, which they identified using MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, LILACS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and registers of ongoing trials.

Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: A report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.

Background: This article presents evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants on the occlusal surfaces of primary and permanent molars in children and adolescents. A guideline panel convened by the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry conducted a systematic review and formulated recommendations to address clinical questions in relation to the efficacy, retention, and potential side effects of sealants to prevent dental caries; their efficacy compared with fluoride varnishes; and a head-to-head comparison of the different types of sealant material used to prevent caries on pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces.

Types Of Studies Reviewed: This is an update of the ADA 2008 recommendations on the use of pit-and-fissure sealants on the occlusal surfaces of primary and permanent molars.

Sealants for preventing and arresting pit-and-fissure occlusal caries in primary and permanent molars: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials-a report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.

Background: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 data indicated that, in the United States, nearly one-fourth of children and over one-half of adolescents experienced dental caries in their permanent teeth. The purpose of this review was to summarize the available clinical evidence regarding the effect of dental sealants for the prevention and management of pit-and-fissure occlusal carious lesions in primary and permanent molars, compared with a control without sealants, with fluoride varnishes, or with other head-to head comparisons.

Type Of Studies Reviewed: The authors included parallel and split-mouth randomized controlled trials that included at least 2 years of follow-up, which they identified using MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, LILACS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and registers of ongoing trials.

Retrospective Study of Retention of Stainless Steel Crowns and Pre-veneered Crowns on Primary Anterior Teeth.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to explore the retention of anterior pre-veneered stainless steel crowns (NuSmile) and conventional stainless steel crowns (3M ESPE) placed on primary anterior teeth.

Methods: Records for children were reviewed over four years using the electronic record system axiUm. Data collected included child's age at time of crown placement, date of placement, tooth number, type of crown, patient behavior, treatment environment, provider type, crown presence, absence, and cementation success or failure at subsequent recall visits.

Establishment of Immortalized BMP2/4 Double Knock-Out Osteoblastic Cells Is Essential for Study of Osteoblast Growth, Differentiation, and Osteogenesis.

Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2/4) are essential for osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis. Generation of a BMP2/4 dual knock-out ((ko/ko)) osteoblastic cell line is a valuable asset for studying effects of BMP2/4 on skeletal development. In this study, our goal was to create immortalized mouse deleted BMP2/4 osteoblasts by infecting adenoviruses with Cre recombinase and green fluorescent protein genes into immortalized murine floxed BMP2/4 osteoblasts.

Space loss following premature loss of primary second molars.

This study was designed to evaluate the amount of space loss (SL) caused by premature loss of primary second molars, determine whether the eruption status of permanent first molars is an important factor in the amount of SL, and evaluate the effectiveness of space maintainers (SMs) in SL prevention. SL associated with 100 prematurely extracted primary second molars was evaluated in 87 healthy patients. Teeth were divided into groups based on the use of SMs (36 with SM and 64 without SM).