Initial-site characterization of hydrogen migration following strong-field double-ionization of ethanol.

An essential problem in photochemistry is understanding the coupling of electronic and nuclear dynamics in molecules, which manifests in processes such as hydrogen migration. Measurements of hydrogen migration in molecules that have more than two equivalent hydrogen sites, however, produce data that is difficult to compare with calculations because the initial hydrogen site is unknown. We demonstrate that coincidence ion-imaging measurements of a few deuterium-tagged isotopologues of ethanol can determine the contribution of each initial-site composition to hydrogen-rich fragments following strong-field double ionization.

Implementation and Assessment of No Opioid Prescription Strategy at Discharge After Major Urologic Cancer Surgery.

Importance: Postoperative opioid prescriptions are associated with delayed recovery, perioperative complications, opioid use disorder, and diversion of overprescribed opioids, which places the community at risk of opioid misuse or addiction.

Objective: To assess a protocol for eliminating postdischarge opioid prescriptions after major urologic cancer surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study of the no opioid prescriptions at discharge after surgery (NOPIOIDS) protocol was conducted between May 2017 and June 2021 at a tertiary referral center.

Two- and three-body fragmentation of multiply charged tribromomethane by ultrafast laser pulses.

We investigate the two- and three-body fragmentation of tribromomethane (bromoform, CHBr) resulting from multiple ionization by 28-femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses with a peak intensity of 6 × 10 W cm. The analysis focuses on channels consisting exclusively of ionic fragments, which are measured by coincidence momentum imaging. The dominant two-body fragmentation channel is found to be Br + CHBr.

Strong-Field-Induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging of Tribromomethane.

The Coulomb explosion of tribromomethane (bromoform, CHBr) induced by 28 fs near-infrared laser pulses is investigated by three-dimensional coincidence ion momentum imaging. We focus on the fragmentation into three, four, and five ionic fragments measured in coincidence and present different ways of visualizing the three-dimensional momentum correlations. We show that the experimentally observed momentum correlations for 4- and 5-fold coincidences are well reproduced by classical Coulomb explosion simulations and contain information about the structure of the parent molecule that could be used to differentiate structural isomers formed, for example, in a pump-probe experiment.

Interventions to Reduce Opioid Prescriptions following Urological Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Opioid prescriptions after surgery are major contributors to the opioid abuse epidemic. Several measures designed to limit opioid prescriptions at discharge have been evaluated. We conducted a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of various types of interventions in reducing opioid prescriptions after urological surgery.

24-Hour urine collection for first time pediatric stone formers: Is it worth it?

Introduction/objective: 24-h urine collections are recommended for motivated first-time stone formers. Given that children have a lifetime potential for recurrences, metabolic work-up has been recommended. 24-hour urine collections can be problematic, especially in children.

Impact of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocols on Opioid Prescriptions at Discharge after Major Urological Cancer Surgery.

Introduction: Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols are designed to limit the use of opioids during inpatient stay to facilitate recovery and early discharge. It is not clear whether the enhanced recovery after surgery related limitations on opioids are associated with opioid prescribing at discharge. We wished to evaluate whether the enhanced recovery after surgery efforts had an impact on opioid prescriptions given after discharge following major urological cancer surgery.

H roaming chemistry and the formation of H from organic molecules in strong laser fields.

Roaming mechanisms, involving the brief generation of a neutral atom or molecule that stays in the vicinity before reacting with the remaining atoms of the precursor, are providing valuable insights into previously unexplained chemical reactions. Here, the mechanistic details and femtosecond time-resolved dynamics of H formation from a series of alcohols with varying primary carbon chain lengths are obtained through a combination of strong-field laser excitation studies and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. For small alcohols, four distinct pathways involving hydrogen migration and H roaming prior to H formation are uncovered.

Mechanisms and time-resolved dynamics for trihydrogen cation (H) formation from organic molecules in strong laser fields.

Strong-field laser-matter interactions often lead to exotic chemical reactions. Trihydrogen cation formation from organic molecules is one such case that requires multiple bonds to break and form. We present evidence for the existence of two different reaction pathways for H formation from organic molecules irradiated by a strong-field laser.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Medical Scribes and Electronic Medical Record System in an Academic Urology Clinic.

Introduction: Electronic medical records have introduced an additional level of complexity to the patient-provider encounter and medical scribes may offer a solution. We examined how a medical scribe system could support an academic urology clinic. To assess the financial feasibility of this model, we analyzed the additional costs associated with adding medical scribes and we discuss the potential benefits of this system.

Susceptibility of domestic cats to chronic wasting disease.

Domestic and nondomestic cats have been shown to be susceptible to feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE), almost certainly caused by consumption of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-contaminated meat. Because domestic and free-ranging nondomestic felids scavenge cervid carcasses, including those in areas affected by chronic wasting disease (CWD), we evaluated the susceptibility of the domestic cat (Felis catus) to CWD infection experimentally. Cohorts of 5 cats each were inoculated intracerebrally (i.

Calibration of electron spectrometer resolution in attosecond streak camera.

We report a new method for determining the energy resolution of time-of-flight spectrometers for detecting photoelectrons produced with attosecond XUV pulses. By measuring the width of the 2s2p autoionization line of helium, we found the resolution of our spectrometer to be approximately 0.6 eV for electrons at 35.

Disentangling the volume effect through intensity-difference spectra: application to laser-induced dissociation of H2+.

An intensity-difference spectrum method is developed to disentangle the intensity volume effect inherent in focused laser beam interaction with gas-phase matter. This method is applicable to a Gaussian beam of constant axial intensity, which keeps the exact contribution from a predetermined intensity range and eliminates the contributions from lower intensities. We apply this method to the angularly resolved kinetic energy release spectrum of laser-induced dissociation of H2+.