Tricothecenes and enzyme activities in the mashing step of the brewing process.

The relation between contamination by trichothecenes, DON (Deoxyvalenol) and 15-ADON (15-acetil-deoxyvalenol), and enzymes, protease, β-amylase and α-amylase, in the mashing step was studied. Malted barley was subject to mashing at three temperature ramps, which resulted in enzyme extracts. Enzyme activity of the extract was evaluated in a model solution with DON and 15-ADON.

Aflatoxin M and B in Colombian milk powder and estimated risk exposure.

Aflatoxin M (AFM) and aflatoxin B (AFB) were determined in 51 milk powder samples purchased from different grocery stores located in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Analysis was conducted using QuEChERS extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results from the analytical method showed recovery ranges from 65% to 110% and relative standard deviations lower than 20%.