Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Otolaryngology Trainee Surgical Case Numbers: A Multi-institutional Review.

Objective: To determine the effect of the initiation of COVID-19-related restrictions on the volume of surgical cases performed by otolaryngology trainees.

Study Design: Multi-institutional retrospective analysis of resident surgical case logs.

Setting: Accredited residency training programs in otolaryngology head and neck surgery.

Expression of Adhesion Molecules in a Gastroduodenal Reflux Murine Model.

Background: Various adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), have been shown to play a role in inflammation as well as contribute to tumor progression and prognosis. We hypothesized that gastroduodenal reflux upregulates ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in the distal esophagus, serving as possible early markers of pathologic esophageal disease.

Methods: Normal human esophageal epithelial cells (HET1A), Barrett cells (CPB), and esophageal adenocarcinoma cells (FLO1 and OE33) were treated with deoxycholic acid at increasing concentrations for 24 hours.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Lung Transplant Recipients.

We report risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment course of 2 lung transplant recipients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Both patients underwent an initial hospitalization and discharged home, followed by readmission several days later with significant worsening of respiratory status and infectious symptoms. The first patient underwent prolonged hospitalization requiring tracheostomy and feeding tube placement.

State of the field: An informatics-based systematic review of the SOD1-G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic mouse model.

Numerous sub-cellular through system-level disturbances have been identified in over 1300 articles examining the superoxide dismutase-1 guanine 93 to alanine (SOD1-G93A) transgenic mouse amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathophysiology. Manual assessment of such a broad literature base is daunting. We performed a comprehensive informatics-based systematic review or 'field analysis' to agnostically compute and map the current state of the field.