Minimal Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS): Is It Enough to Cut Less Than the Conventional Tailored LIS?

Purpose: Anal fissure is a common anorectal condition, yet its pathogenesis remains unclear. Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) is the gold standard treatment for chronic anal fissures that do not respond to conservative treatment; however, it has a risk of anal incontinence. We believe that fibrosis of the internal anal sphincter is an important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic anal fissure.

Effect of muscle vibration on postural balance of Parkinson's diseases patients in bipedal quiet standing.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle vibration applied to the lower extremities on static postural balance of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). [Subjects] Seven subjects with Parkinson's disease participated in this study. [Methods] The oscillators of vibration were attached to the muscle bellies of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris on both sides of the lower extremities with adhesive tape.