The mitochondrial pool of Hsp90 and its mitochondrial paralogue, TRAP1, suppresses cell death and reprograms energy metabolism in cancer cells; therefore, Hsp90 and TRAP1 have been suggested as target proteins for anticancer drug development. Here, we report that the actual target protein in cancer cell mitochondria is TRAP1, and current Hsp90 inhibitors cannot effectively inactivate TRAP1 because of their insufficient accumulation in the mitochondria. To develop mitochondrial TRAP1 inhibitors, we determined the crystal structures of human TRAP1 complexed with Hsp90 inhibitors.
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