[Double strand break of DNA in gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma].

Background/aims: DNA double strand break (DSB) is one of the critical types of DNA damage. When unrepaired DSB is accumulated in the nucleus of the cells having mutations in such genes as p53, it will lead to chromosomal instability and further more to mutation of tumor-activating genes resulting in tumorogenesis. Some of malignant cancers and its premalignant lesions were proven to have DSB in their nuclei.

Overexpression of protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) in gastric carcinomas.

Background: Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases (PTPs), respectively, play crucial roles in cellular signal transduction. Protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) is a positive signaling PTP that activates RAS and ERK signaling. Also, the PTPN11 binds with CagA of Helicobacter pylori in gastric epithelial cells.

[A case of non-traumatic hemobilia due to warfarin therapy].

Hemobilia is a hemorrhage into the biliary tract that may follow surgical trauma, liver biopsy, aneurysms, extra- or intra-hepatic tumors of the biliary tract, gallstones, and inflammatory lesion of liver, especially helminthic or pyogenic. Sometimes, it is associated with primary liver cancer. An 84 year-old woman was admitted because of continuous right upper quadrant pain 4 days before admission.

The first case of intraperitoneal bronchogenic cyst in Korea mimicking a gallbladder tumor.

We present a case of an intraperitoneal bronchogenic cyst located at inferior surface of the liver, next to the gallbladder which clinically mimicked a gallbladder tumor. This is the first case reported in Korea, and we offer reviews of the related literatures. A 48-yr-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of intermittent abdominal pain in right upper quadrant.

[The changes of ammonia and epidermal growth factor concentration in gastric juice before and after the Helicobacter pylori eradication].

Background/aims: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the cause of peptic ulcer diseases, and gastric cancer. Hydrolysis of urea generating ammonia may cause cytotoxic effects on the gastric epithelium.

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb with hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava and the right iliac and femoral veins causing recalcitrant stasis leg ulcers.

We present a patient with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) type IIb accompanied with venous hypoplasia, from the inferior vena cava to the superficial femoral vein. Although it is not obvious whether this vascular anomaly, which is probably congenital, is coincidental or not, it is possible that the 2 diseases have some relationship each other, because PPV is thought to result from abnormal vasomotor activity during the embryonic period. In the diagnosis of type II PPV, careful examination and several studies are required to determine systemic involvement that may include large vessel changes.

A Clinical Analysis of PTEN Expressions in Breast Cancers.

Purpose: The PTEN gene, a novel tumor suppressor, is localized to chromosome 10q23.3 and shares extensive homology with the cytoskeletal protein, tensin. A high frequency of mutations at the PTEN locus has been described in a variety of neoplasms including breast cancer and Cowden Disease.

p53 mutations and microsatellite instabilities in the subtype of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach.

To investigate the potential implication of the subtype of intestinal metaplasia in the progression to the gastric carcinoma, we analyzed the mutations of the p53 gene and microsatellite instability (MSI) both in the complete type (type I) and in the sulphomucin-secreting incomplete type (type III) intestinal metaplasia located adjacent to the gastric carcinoma. p53 mutations were observed in 13.3% of type I, in 6.