High-dose enzyme replacement therapy attenuates cerebroventriculomegaly in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type II.

The natural progression of the severe form of mucopolysaccharidosis II in children is a rapid decline of neurodevelopmental function with hydrocephalus. Recombinant human iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) under a standard regimen seems to have limited effect. Therefore, we determined whether early, high-dose ERT attenuated ventriculomegaly and histologic abnormalities in the brains of IdS-knockout mice.

Similar neuroprotective effects of ischemic and hypoxic preconditioning on hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat: a proton MRS study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ischemic and hypoxic preconditioning on hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in the neonatal rat. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, sham, ischemic preconditioning, and hypoxic preconditioning. Ischemic preconditioning with a 10-min occlusion of the right carotid artery and hypoxic preconditioning with 4-h of hypoxia (8% oxygen) were performed 24-h before HI.

Quantitative in vivo detection of brain cell death after hypoxia ischemia using the lipid peak at 1.3 ppm of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neonatal rats.

This study was performed to determine the accuracy of proton magnetic spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) lipid peak as a noninvasive tool for quantitative in vivo detection of brain cell death. Seven day-old Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 8% oxygen following a unilateral carotid artery ligation. For treatment, cycloheximide was given immediately after hypoxic ischemia (HI).

Graft rejection in the xenogeneic transplantation of mice: diagnosis with in vivo MR imaging using the homing trait of macrophages.

Background: To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to depict the in vivo recruitment of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled macrophages and to diagnose graft rejection in xenogeneic transplantation.

Methods: We transplanted the trachea of SD rat (xenogeneic) or C3H/HeN mouse (syngeneic) into the left thighs of six male C3H/HeN mice. The SPIO-labeled macrophage was administered through the tail vein 2 days (acute) or 14 days (chronic) after transplantation in each group.

Neuroprotective effects of growth hormone against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats: 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic study.

Using 1H-MRS, we evaluated the effects of growth hormone (GH) as a caspase inhibitor on hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rat brains. The right common carotid arteries of rats were ligated, allowed to recover for 3 hr, and exposed to 8% oxygen for 2 hr. GH was given just prior to HI insult and animals were divided into four groups: control, intracerebroventricular (ICV), intracerebroventricular/intraperitoneal (ICV/IP), and intraperitoneal (IP).

MR imaging of in vivo recruitment of iron oxide-labeled macrophages in experimentally induced soft-tissue infection in mice.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in depicting in vivo recruitment of iron oxide-labeled macrophages in experimentally induced soft-tissue infection.

Materials And Methods: The study was performed according to the guidelines of the U.S.

Effects of heart transplantation on cerebral metabolic abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure.

We investigated the serial changes in cerebral metabolites in 34 patients with congestive heart failure before and 2 and 12 months after heart transplantation, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Regional differences were detected in the recovery of cerebral metabolites after the heart transplantation procedure.

Neonatal hypoglycaemic encephalopathy: diffusion-weighted imaging and proton MR spectroscopy.

We report two infants with neonatal hypoglycaemic encephalopathy who were evaluated with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) as well as conventional MR. As in conventional MR, DWI and proton MRS revealed a predominance of abnormalities in the parieto-occipital lobes and underlying white matter including the splenium of the corpus callosum. In the acute phase of the disease, lesions on DWI showed restricted water diffusion and on DWI the characteristic lesions seemed to be more readily discernible than on conventional MRI.

Localized 1H-MR spectroscopy in moyamoya disease before and after revascularization surgery.

Objective: To evaluate, using localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), the cerebral metabolic change apparent after revascularization surgery in patients with moyamoya disease.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen children with moyamoya disease and eight age-matched normal controls underwent MR imaging, MR angiography, conventional angiography, and (99m)Tc- ECD SPECT. Frontal white matter and the basal ganglia of both hemispheres were subjected to localized (1)H-MRS, and after revascularization surgery, four patients underwent follow-up (1)H-MRS.