Effect of Porcine- and Bovine-Derived Xenografts with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose for Bone Formation in Rabbit Calvaria Defects.

In this study, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was mixed with particle-type xenografts, derived from two different species (bovine and porcine), to increase the manipulability of bone grafts and compare the bone regeneration ability. Four circular defects with a diameter of 6 mm were formed on each rabbit calvaria, and the defects were randomly divided into three groups: no treatment (control group), HPMC-mixed bovine xenograft (Bo-Hy group), and HPMC-mixed porcine xenograft (Po-Hy group). At eight weeks, micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate new bone formation within the defects.

Identification of the antibacterial action mechanism of diterpenoids through transcriptome profiling.

Effective antibacterial substances of have anti-biofilm and bactericidal activity to the oral pathogen . In this study, three compounds extracted from were identified as acanthoic acid, continentalic acid, and kaurenoic acid by NMR and were further investigated how these diterpenoids affect the physiology of the . When was exposed to individual or mixed fraction of diterpenoids, severe growth defects and unique morphology were observed.

Anticancer Activity of Continentalic Acid in B-Cell Lymphoma.

has been used in Korea as a folk remedy for arthralgia, rheumatism, and inflammation. However, its anti-lymphoma effect remains uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrate that extract and its three diterpenes efficiently kill B-lymphoma cells.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Resveratrol α-Glucoside by Amylosucrase of .

Glycosylation of resveratrol was carried out by using the amylosucrase of , and the glycosylated products were tested for their solubility, chemical stability, and biological activities. We synthesized and identified these two major glycosylated products as resveratrol-4'--α-glucoside and resveratrol-3--α-glucoside by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis with a ratio of 5:1. The water solubilities of the two resveratrol--glucoside isomers (-piceid isomers) were approximately 3.

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable GDSL-Type Lipase from .

Two putative genes, and , encoding lipolytic enzymes from the thermophilic bacterium KCTC 3921 were cloned and overexpressed in . The recombinant Lip29 and Est29 were purified 67.3-fold to homogeneity with specific activity of 2.

Fermentation of Leaves Enhances Antioxidant Activity and Osteoblast Differentiation.

also known as Chinese mallow, is an herbaceous plant with colorful flowers and has been used as a medicine for thousands of years. This study investigated this herb for potential antioxidant activity or an association with osteoblast differentiation. leaves were fermented with MV1 at 30 °C for 7 days to enhance their biological activities.

Metabolic Profiling-Based Evaluation of the Fermentative Behavior of and for Soybean Residues Treated at Different Temperatures.

Soybean processing, e.g., by soaking, heating, and fermentation, typically results in diverse metabolic changes.

Enhancement of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Roots Fermented with .

The roots of are known to exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activities. To improve the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of roots, the roots were fermented with at 25 °C for 3 weeks. The non-fermented (SME) and fermented (SMBE) roots of were extracted with 70% ethanol, respectively, and then fractionated with organic solvents.

Synthesis of Aesculetin and Aesculin Glycosides Using Engineered Expressing Amylosucrase.

Because glycosylation of aesculetin and its 6-glucoside, aesculin, enhances their biological activities and physicochemical properties, whole-cell biotransformation and enzymatic synthesis methodologies using amylosucrase were compared to determine the optimal production method for glycoside derivatives. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of reaction products revealed two glycosylated products (AGG1 and AGG2) when aesculin was used as an acceptor, and three products (AG1, AG2, and AG3) when using aesculetin. The whole-cell biotransformation production yields of the major transfer products for each acceptor (AGG1 and AG1) were 85% and 25%, respectively, compared with 68% and 14% for enzymatic synthesis.

Saci_1816: A Trehalase that Catalyzes Trehalose Degradation in the Thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon .

Previously, a cytosolic trehalase (TreH) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon was reported; however, the gene responsible for the trehalase activity was not identified. Two genes, and , that encode the glycoside hydrolase family 15 type glucoamylase-like proteins in were targeted and expressed in , and their abilities to hydrolyze trehalose were examined. Recombinant Saci_1816 hydrolyzed trehalose exclusively without any help from a cofactor.

Synthesis of aesculetin and aesculin glycosides using engineered expressing amylosucrase.

Because glycosylation of aesculetin and its 6-glucoside, aesculin, enhances their biological activities and physicochemical properties, whole-cell biotransformation and enzymatic synthesis methodologies using amylosucrase were compared to determine the optimal production method for glycoside derivatives. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of reaction products revealed two glycosylated products (AGG1 and AGG2) when aesculin was used as an acceptor and three products (AG1, AG2, and AG3) when using aesculetin. The whole-cell biotransformation production yields of the major transfer products for each acceptor (AGG1 and AG1) were 85% and 25%, respectively, compared to 68% and 14% for enzymatic synthesis.

Glycosylation Enhances the Physicochemical Properties of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester.

In this study, we synthesized a glycosylated derivative of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) using the amylosucrase from with sucrose as a substrate and examined its solubility, chemical stability, and anti-inflammatory activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the resulting glycosylated CAPE (G-CAPE) was the new compound caffeic acid phenethyl ester-4--α--glucopyranoside. G-CAPE was 770 times more soluble than CAPE and highly stable in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and buffered solutions, as estimated by its half-life.

The Effect of Bisphasic Calcium Phosphate Block Bone Graft Materials with Polysaccharides on Bone Regeneration.

In this study, bisphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and two types of polysaccharide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HyA), were used to fabricate composite block bone grafts, and their physical and biological features and performances were compared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Specimens of the following were prepared as 6 mm diameter, 2 mm thick discs; BPC mixed with CMC (the BCP/CMC group), BCP mixed with crosslinked CMC (the BCP/c-CMC group) and BCP mixed with HyA (the BCP/HyA group) and a control group (specimens were prepared using particle type BCP). A scanning electron microscope study, a compressive strength analysis, and a cytotoxicity assessment were conducted.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel baicalein glycoside as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Baicalein-6-α-glucoside (BG), a glycosylated derivative of baicalein, was synthesized by using sucrose and the amylosucrase of Deinococcus geothermalis and tested for its solubility, chemical stability, and anti-inflammatory activity. BG was 26.3 times more soluble than baicalein and highly stable in buffered solutions and Dulbecco׳s modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum.

Probing the critical residues for intramolecular fructosyl transfer reaction of a levan fructotransferase.

Levan fructotransferase (LFTase) preferentially catalyzes the transfructosylation reaction in addition to levan hydrolysis, whereas other levan-degrading enzymes hydrolyze levan into a levan-oligosaccharide and fructose. Based on sequence comparisons and enzymatic properties, the fructosyl transfer activity of LFTase is proposed to have evolved from levanase. In order to probe the residues that are critical to the intramolecular fructosyl transfer reaction of the Microbacterium sp.