Profiling of phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroid derivatives in coconut ( L.) haustorium.

Unlabelled: Coconut haustorium (CH) is formed inside coconut shell during coconut germination. This study aimed to investigate the compositions and contents of CH phytochemicals. Phytochemical compositions and contents in CH were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and spectrophotometrical method.

Effects of roasting and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatment of Nigella sativa L. seeds on thymoquinone in the oil and antioxidant activity of defatted seed meal.

Background: Black cumin seeds (black seed; BS) contain various bioactive compounds, such as thymoquinone (TQ). Roasting and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatment (UAET) as pre-treatments can increase the phytochemical content in the BS oil. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-treatments on the TQ content and the yield of the BS oil and to profile the composition of defatted BS meal (DBSM), followed by evaluating antioxidant properties of the DBSM.

Anti-inflammatory activities of black raspberry seed ellagitannins and their structural effects on the stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and intestinal bitter taste receptors.

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ellagitannins from black raspberry seeds (BS) and the structural effects of ellagitannins on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and intestinal bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) stimulation. For animal study, BS ellagitannin fraction (BSEF) was orally administered to mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The BSEF supplementation alleviated colonic inflammation, regulated inflammation-related cytokine levels in the mice with colitis, and increased the total GLP-1 secretion and GLP-1 receptor mRNA level in the inflamed gut.

Effects of black raspberry extract on gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and expressions of the genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet.

Unlabelled: In our previous study, black raspberry (BR) reduced the serum levels of trimethylamine--oxide and cholesterol in rats fed excessive choline with a high-fat diet (HFC). We hypothesized that gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the production of trimethylamine and microbial metabolites, and BR could influence gut microbial composition. This study aimed to elucidate the role of BR on changes in gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the rats.

Nanoencapsulation enhances the bioavailability of fucoxanthin in microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum extract.

The marine carotenoid fucoxanthin (FX) has various health benefits but suffers from poor bioavailability. We hypothesize that the bioavailability of FX in microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum extract (PE) could be improved through nanoencapsulation. Here, we developed two types of nanoparticles: one consisting of alginate and casein (A-C-PE, 246 nm diameter, 79.

Black raspberry extract can lower serum LDL cholesterol via modulation of gut microbial composition and serum bile acid profile in rats fed trimethylamine-N-oxide with a high-fat diet.

Unlabelled: Blood trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Black raspberry (, BR) has been regarded to be beneficial for cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate how BR extract affects serum lipid profile, gut microbial composition, metabolites in rats fed TMAO with a high-fat diet.

Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of ellagitannins in black raspberry seeds using artificial neural network coupled with genetic algorithm.

This study aimed to identify ellagitannins in black raspberry seeds (BRS) and to optimize accelerated solvent extraction of ellagitannins using an artificial neural network (ANN) coupled with genetic algorithm. Fifteen monomeric and dimeric ellagitannins were identified in BRS. For ANN modeling, extraction time, extraction temperature, and solvent concentration were set as input variables, and total ellagitannin content was set as output variable.

Phenolics in buckwheat hull extracts and their antioxidant activities on bulk oil and emulsions.

Buckwheat hulls are discarded as waste, although they have more phenolic compounds than buckwheat groats. The antioxidant activities of buckwheat hull extracts prepared with water, 50% ethanol, and 100% ethanol were investigated in bulk oil, oil-in-water (O/W), and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. The relationship between the phenolic compositions of the extracts and their antioxidant activities in the three different lipid systems was also evaluated.

Antibacterial effect of cell-free supernatant fraction from Lactobacillus paracasei CH88 against Gardnerella vaginalis.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in reproductive women, which is characterized by depleted level of lactic acid bacteria and overgrowth of anaerobes such as Gardnerella vaginalis spp. Lactic acid bacteria have been known to be beneficial for amelioration of BV, since they produce antimicrobial substances against G. vaginalis spp.

Physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptability of crackers containing red ginseng marc.

Red ginseng marc (RGM), a by-product from ginseng industry, still contains bioactive compounds such as ginsenosides and dietary fibers. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of baking conditions and formulations on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of crackers in which RGM was incorporated. The sum of ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1 and Rg3 (58.

Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) attenuates inflammatory markers and vascular endothelial dysfunction in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet with fructose solution.

A continuous high-fat/high-fructose diet induces inflammation and lowers vascular endothelial function in the body. This research examined the effects of black raspberry (BR) powder consumption on the inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed with a high-fat diet and fructose solution. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups as control (AIN-93G diet + distilled water) and HFF (high-fat diet + 20% fructose solution) groups, for 16 weeks.

Effect of a Nutritionally Balanced Diet Comprising Whole Grains and Vegetables Alone or in Combination with Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota.

Dysbiosis is a microbial imbalance, which often causes diseases and can be triggered by diet. Here, we deter-mined the effect of a nutritionally balanced diet rich in vegetables and whole grains alone and/or in combination with probiotics on the gut microbiota of healthy adults. We conducted a parallel-group randomized trial enrolling 63 healthy participants who were administered either a balanced diet (B-diet group), a probiotic capsule containing PMO 08 (probiotics group), or a balanced diet plus probiotic capsule (synbiotics group) once daily for 2 weeks.

Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation of Fagopyrin F from Tartary Buckwheat () Flower against and Its Biofilm.

The objective of this study was to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by fagopyrin F-rich fraction (FFF) separated from Tartary buckwheat flower extract exposed to lights and to investigate its antibacterial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against and its biofilm. ROS producing mechanisms involving FFF with light exposure were determined using a spectrophotometer and a fluorometer. and its biofilm inactivation after PDI treatment of FFF using blue light (BL; 450 nm) were determined by plate count method and crystal violet assay, respectively.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Recombinant BGN4 Expressing Antioxidant Enzymes.

BGN4-SK (BGN4-SK), a recombinant strain which was constructed from BGN4 (BGN4) to produce superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, was analyzed to determine its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Culture conditions were determined to maximize the SOD and catalase activities of BGN4-SK. The viability, intracellular radical oxygen species (ROS) levels, intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were determined to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BGN4-SK in human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) and murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.

Oral probiotic activities and biosafety of Lactobacillus gasseri HHuMIN D.

Background: Lactobacillus spp. have been researched worldwide and are used in probiotics, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation of and experimentation on oral microorganisms, there are few reports of Lactobacillus spp. being isolated from the oral cavity and tested against oral pathogens.

Isolation, Characterization and Biosafety Evaluation of Lactobacillus Fermentum OK with Potential Oral Probiotic Properties.

It has been reported that certain probiotic bacteria have inhibitory effects against oral pathogens. Lactobacillus spp. have been studied and used as probiotics globally, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation and experimentation with oral microorganisms, there are few studies on Lactobacillus spp.

PMO 08 as a Probiotic Starter Culture for Plant-Based Fermented Beverages.

PMO 08 was evaluated as a starter culture for plant-based probiotic beverages. Its viability under various culture conditions and acidification ability in standardized tomato medium, fermentation parameters, and beverage properties were assessed. PMO 08 could grow under various culture conditions; there was a high correlation between the incubation time to reach the optimal conditions and the inoculation concentration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (r = 0.

Composition of Triterpenoids in and Their Anti-Proliferative Activity on Cancer Cell Lines.

The objective of this study was to determine the composition of triterpenoids in the extracts from the inner and outer parts of and to evaluate their anti-proliferative activity against cancer cell lines (HT-29, AGS, MCF-7, and PC3). Inner and outer parts of were extracted with 80% methanol for 24 h. The extract was fractionated by Diaion HP-20 resin to obtain the triterpenoid fraction.

Protective Effects of Black Raspberry () Extract against Hypercholesterolemia and Hepatic Inflammation in Rats Fed High-Fat and High-Choline Diets.

Choline is converted to trimethylamine by gut microbiota and further oxidized to trimethylamine--oxide (TMAO) by hepatic flavin monooxygenases. Positive correlation between TMAO and chronic diseases has been reported. Polyphenols in black raspberry (BR), especially anthocyanins, possess various biological activities.

Flavonoids in common and tartary buckwheat hull extracts and antioxidant activity of the extracts against lipids in mayonnaise.

Buckwheat hulls, generally discarded as waste, have been known to possess various flavonoids and high antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to determine effect of extracting solvents [water, ethanol (20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%), methanol, and acetone] on total phenolic content, flavonoid content and composition, and antioxidant activities of common and tartary buckwheat hull extracts. Antioxidative effect of common and tartary buckwheat hull extracts on lipids in mayonnaise was also investigated.

Anti-Obesity Effect of Standardized Extract of Microalga Containing Fucoxanthin.

Fucoxanthin (FX), a marine carotenoid found in macroalgae and microalgae, exhibits several beneficial effects to health. The anti-obesity activity of FX is well documented, but FX has not been mass-produced or applied extensively or commercially because of limited availability of raw materials and complex extraction techniques. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of standardized FX powder ( extract (PE)) developed from microalga as a commercial functional food.

Physicochemical characteristics and anti-oxidant activities of farm-cultivated and mountain-cultivated ginseng seeds.

Physicochemical characteristics and anti-oxidant capacities of seeds from two farm-cultivated and one mountain-cultivated ginsengs ( Meyer) (MG) were determined. The seeds had 17.9-22.

Physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of frying oils during repeated frying of potato chips.

Physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of refined coconut oil (RCO), refined soybean oil (SBO), pure olive oil (POO), and vegetable shortening (VST) during repeated frying of potato chips were determined. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of all the oils significantly decreased after frying. Tocopherols in SBO, POO and VST, and DPPH radical scavenging activities of POO and VST significantly decreased after frying.

Black Raspberry Seed Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism by Inhibiting Lipogenesis and Promoting Fatty-Acid Oxidation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice and db/db Mice.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of α-linolenic acid-rich black raspberry seed (BRS) oil on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese and db/db mice. Five-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed diets consisting of 50% calories from lard, 5% from soybean, and 5% from corn oil (HFD), or 50% calories from lard and 10% from BRS oil (HFD + BRS oil diet) for 12 weeks. Six-week-old C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed diets consisting of 16% calories from soybean oil (standard diet), 8% from soybean, and 8% from BRS oil, or 16% from BRS oil for 10 weeks.

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-applied QSAR with bond dissociation energy for antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds.

The aim of this study was to develop quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for predicting antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds. The bond dissociation energy of O-H bond (BDE) was calculated by semi-empirical quantum chemical methods. As a new parameter for QSAR models, sum of reciprocals of BDE of enol and phenol groups (X ) was calculated.