Enhancing Antibacterial Properties of Titanium Implants through Covalent Conjugation of Self-Assembling Fmoc-Phe-Phe Dipeptide on Titania Nanotubes.

Bacterial infections and biofilm formation are significant challenges for medical implants. While titanium nanotube engineering improves biocompatibility, it cannot prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Optimizing the biomaterial's surface chemistry is vital for its desired functioning in the biological environment.

Titania nanotubes modified with copper enhance osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells.

To achieve long term success of orthopedic implants, it is critical to have a successful integration of bone and implant material. To accomplish this, various surface modifications have been investigated in research. Even though titania nanotubes and copper have individually demonstrated successful stem cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, these modifications have not yet been investigated together.

Titania (TiO) nanotube surfaces doped with zinc and strontium for improved cell compatibility.

Titanium-based orthopedic implants are gaining popularity in recent years due to their excellent biocompatibility, superior corrosion resistance and lightweight properties. However, these implants often fail to perform effectively due to poor osseointegration. Nanosurface modification approaches may help to resolve this problem.

Surface modification strategies for improved hemocompatibility of polymeric materials: a comprehensive review.

Polymeric biomaterials are a widely used class of materials due to their versatile properties. However, as with all other types of materials used for biomaterials, polymers also have to interact with blood. When blood comes into contact with any foreign body, it initiates a cascade which leads to platelet activation and blood coagulation.

Ligand Presentation Inside Protein Crystal Nanopores: Tunable Interfacial Adhesion Noncovalently Modulates Cell Attachment.

Protein crystals with sufficiently large solvent pores can non-covalently adsorb polymers in the pores. In principle, if these polymers contain cell adhesion ligands, the polymer-laden crystals could present ligands to cells with tunable adhesion strength. Moreover, porous protein crystals can store an internal ligand reservoir, so that the surface can be replenished.

Hemp-Based Sustainable Slippery Surfaces: Icephobic and Antithrombotic Properties.

With the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill that removed hemp from the Controlled Substances Act altogether, production of hemp is experiencing a renaissance. Building on this revival and re-emergence of hemp, we designed and fabricated hemp-based sustainable and robust slippery surfaces by coating hemp paper with beeswax and subsequently infusing it with hemp oil. A wide variety of aqueous liquids and beverages easily slide on our hemp-based sustainable slippery surfaces, without leaving a trace.

Expanding the Scope of an Amphoteric Condensed Tannin, Tanfloc, for Antibacterial Coatings.

Bacterial infections are a common mode of failure for medical implants. This study aims to develop antibacterial polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings that contain a plant-derived condensed tannin polymer (Tanfloc, TAN) with inherent antimicrobial activity. Tanfloc is amphoteric, and herein we show that it can be used as either a polyanion or a polycation in PEMs, thereby expanding the possibility of its use in PEM coatings.

Antifouling Behavior of Copper-Modified Titania Nanotube Surfaces.

Titanium and its alloys are commonly used to fabricate orthopedic implants due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In recent years, orthopedic implant surgeries have considerably increased. This has also resulted in an increase in infection-associated revision surgeries for these implants.

Zinc (Zn) Doping by Hydrothermal and Alkaline Heat-Treatment Methods on Titania Nanotube Arrays for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity.

Titanium (Ti) is a popular biomaterial for orthopedic implant applications due to its superior mechanical properties such as corrosion resistance and low modulus of elasticity. However, around 10% of these implants fail annually due to bacterial infection and poor osseointegration, resulting in severe pain and suffering for the patients. To improve their performance, nanoscale surface modification approaches and doping of trace elements on the surfaces can be utilized which may help in improving cell adhesion for better osseointegration while reducing bacterial infection.

Carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels crosslinked with keratin nanoparticles for efficient prednisolone delivery.

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and keratin nanoparticle (KNP) hydrogels were obtained, characterized, and applied as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for the first time. Lyophilized CMC/KNP mixtures containing 10, 25, and 50 wt% of KNPs were kept at 170 °C for 90 min to crosslink CMC chains through a solid-state reaction with the KNPs. The hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analyses, X-ray diffraction, mechanical measurements, and scanning electron microscopy.

Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Behavior, and In Vitro Cell Studies of the New Ti-25Ta-25Nb-5Sn Alloy.

This study aims to characterize a new Ti-25Ta-25Nb-5Sn alloy for biomedical application. Microstructure, phase formation, mechanical and corrosion properties, along with the cell culture study of the Ti-25Ta-25Nb alloy with Sn content 5 mass% are presented in this article. The experimental alloy was processed in an arc melting furnace, cold worked, and heat treated.

Improved Hemocompatibility on Superhemophobic Micro-Nano-Structured Titanium Surfaces.

Blood-contacting titanium-based implants such as endovascular stents and heart valve casings are prone to blood clotting due to improper interactions at the surface level. In complement, the current clinical demand for cardiovascular implants is at a new apex. Hence, there is a crucial necessity to fabricate an implant with optimal mechanical properties and improved blood compatibility, while simultaneously interacting differentially with cells and other microbial agents.

Processing and Characterization of a New Quaternary Alloy TiMoNbZr for Potential Biomedical Applications.

The study of new metallic biomaterials for application in bone tissue repair has improved due to the increase in life expectancy and the aging of the world population. Titanium alloys are one of the main groups of biomaterials for these applications, and beta-type titanium alloys are more suitable for long-term bone implants. The objective of this work was to process and characterize a new TiMoNbZr beta alloy.

Heterostructures of Cut Carbon Nanotube-Filled Array of TiO Nanotubes for New Module of Photovoltaic Devices.

In this work, a new photovoltaic device was prepared. The device uses titanium (Ti) foil/TiO nanotubes as the photoanode and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a photosensitizer. Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO-NTs) were prepared by one-step anodic oxidation.

Antithrombogenic properties of aqueous leaf extracts: assessment of platelet activation and whole blood clotting kinetics.

plant extracts have been investigated for their potential therapeutic effects in the management of various ailments, among which are cardiovascular diseases, due to the wide range of phytocompounds that the plant possesses. One of the major challenges in clinical practice is the inability to control platelet activation and clotting caused by cardiovascular disease interventions. Current treatment methods to inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation have been associated with major undesirable side effects.

Enhanced antibacterial properties on superhydrophobic micro-nano structured titanium surface.

Micro/nano scale surface modifications of titanium based orthopedic and cardiovascular implants has shown to augment biocompatibility. However, bacterial infection remains a serious concern for implant failure, aggravated by increasing antibiotic resistance and over usage of antibiotics. Bacteria cell adhesion on implant surface leads to colonization and biofilm formation resulting in morbidity and mortality.

A novel colorimetric biosensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 by utilizing the interaction between nucleocapsid antibody and spike proteins.

Unlabelled: SARS-CoV-2 is a pandemic coronavirus that causes severe respiratory disease (COVID-19) in humans and is responsible for millions of deaths around the world since early 2020. The virus affects the human respiratory cells through its spike (S) proteins located at the outer shell. To monitor the rapid spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and to reduce the deaths from the COVID-19, early detection of SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost necessity.

Smart Mn Sensing via Quenching on Dual Fluorescence of Eu Complex-Modified TiO Nanoparticles.

In this work, titania (TiO) nanoparticles modified by Eu(TTA)Phen complexes (ETP) were prepared by a simple solvothermal method developing a fluorescence Mn pollutant sensing system. The characterization results indicate that the ETP cause structural deformation and redshifts of the UV-visible light absorptions of host TiO nanoparticles. The ETP also reduce the crystallinity and crystallite size of TiO nanoparticles.

Surface modification strategies to improve titanium hemocompatibility: a comprehensive review.

Titanium and its alloys are widely used in different biomaterial applications due to their remarkable mechanical properties and bio-inertness. However, titanium-based materials still face some challenges, with an emphasis on hemocompatibility. Blood-contacting devices such as stents, heart valves, and circulatory devices are prone to thrombus formation, restenosis, and inflammation due to inappropriate blood-implant surface interactions.

Manganese-containing Bioactive Glass Enhances Osteogenic Activity of TiO Nanotube Arrays.

Titanium and its alloys are the most used biomaterials for orthopedic and dental applications. However, up to 10% of these medical devices still fail, mostly due to implant loosening and suboptimal integration at the implant site. The biomaterial surface plays a critical role in promoting osseointegration, which can reduce the risk of device failure.

Enhanced blood coagulation and antibacterial activities of carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan-containing nanofibers.

Ideal wound dressings should be biocompatible, exhibit high antibacterial activity, and promote blood coagulation. To impart these imperative functions, carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers (PVA-CMKC). The antibacterial activity of the nanofibers was evaluated.

Hydrothermally treated titanium surfaces for enhanced osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells.

Implant surface plays a crucial role in improving osseointegration and long-term implant life. When the implant comes in contact with the bone tissue, the bone marrow mesenchymal cells interact with the implant surface and the surface properties such as morphology, wettability, mechanical properties and chemistry influences cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Different surface modification strategies such as ceramic coatings, surface dealloying, and surface topography modifications for improving osteointegration have been investigated.

Recent trends in natural polysaccharide based bioinks for multiscale 3D printing in tissue regeneration: A review.

Biofabrication by three-dimensional (3D) printing has been an attractive technology in harnessing the possibility to print anatomical shaped native tissues with controlled architecture and resolution. 3D printing offers the possibility to reproduce complex microarchitecture of native tissues by printing live cells in a layer by layer deposition to provide a biomimetic structural environment for tissue formation and host tissue integration. Plant based biomaterials derived from green and sustainable sources have represented to emulate native physicochemical and biological cues in order to direct specific cellular response and formation of new tissues through biomolecular recognition patterns.

Antimicrobial and cytocompatible chitosan, N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan, and tanfloc-based polyelectrolyte multilayers on gellan gum films.

In this work free-standing gels formed from gellan gum (GG) by solvent evaporation are coated with polysaccharide-based polyelectrolyte multilayers, using the layer-by-layer approach. We show that PEMs composed of iota-carrageenan (CAR) and three different natural polycationic polymers have composition-dependent antimicrobial properties, and support mammalian cell growth. Cationic polymers (chitosan (CHT), N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), and an amino-functionalized tannin derivative (TN)) are individually assembled with the anionic iota-carrageenan (CAR) at pH 5.

Evaluating Whole Blood Clotting on Biomaterial Surfaces.

Biomaterial-associated thrombosis is still a major concern for blood-contacting implants. After the medical device is implanted and comes in contact with blood, several complex reactions occur, which may lead to thrombus formation and failure of the device. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the biomaterial interaction with the whole blood.