Deficiency in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) results in abnormal lens development and newborn cataract.

The human lens is composed of a monolayer of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and elongated fibers that align tightly but are separated by the plasma membrane. The integrity of the lens plasma membrane is crucial for maintaining lens cellular structure, homeostasis, and transparency. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a selenoenzyme, plays a critical role in protecting against lipid peroxidation.

The role of puberty on physical and brain development: A longitudinal study in male Rhesus Macaques.

This study examined the role of male pubertal maturation on physical growth and development of neurocircuits that regulate stress, emotional and cognitive control using a translational nonhuman primate model. We collected longitudinal data from male macaques between pre- and peri-puberty, including measures of physical growth, pubertal maturation (testicular volume, blood testosterone -T- concentrations) and brain structural and resting-state functional MRI scans to examine developmental changes in amygdala (AMY), hippocampus (HIPPO), prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as functional connectivity (FC) between those regions. Physical growth and pubertal measures increased from pre- to peri-puberty.

A renal cell carcinoma tumorgraft platform to advance precision medicine.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) encompasses a heterogenous group of tumors, but representative preclinical models are lacking. We previously showed that patient-derived tumorgraft (TG) models recapitulate the biology and treatment responsiveness. Through systematic orthotopic implantation of tumor samples from 926 ethnically diverse individuals into non-obese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, we generate a resource comprising 172 independently derived, stably engrafted TG lines from 148 individuals.

Benzothiourea Derivatives Target the Secretory Pathway of the Human Fungal Pathogen .

is one of the most important human fungal pathogens and causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. The current gold standard therapy for meningoencephalitis is based on medications that are over 50 years old and is not readily available in regions with high disease burden. Here, we report the mycologic, mechanistic, and pharmacologic characterization of a set of benzothioureas with highly selective fungicidal activity against .

poisoning affects mitochondrial respiration and induces oxidative stress in the rat kidney.

is a poisonous shrub used for deliberate self-harm in rural areas of South India and intake of boiled decoction of leaves is a common method of self-harm. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is an important clinical symptom observed in poisoning, and renal V-ATPases may be potential targets of damage. However, a lack of understanding of molecular mediators involved hampers medical management, which is mainly supportive.

Low dose aspirin prevents duodenoesophageal reflux induced mucosal changes in wistar rat esophagus by MAP kinase mediated pathways.

Background: Investigations of molecular mechanisms behind the progression of neoplastic changes in the esophagus have uncovered the role of the COX & 5-Lox pathways. Human squamous esophageal mucosa produces relatively large amounts of eicosanoids in the presence of inflammation. Laboratory and epidemiological data suggest that aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be chemo preventive through their inhibitory effect on COX25, 10.

Mechanisms of toxicity of Cleistanthus collinus: vacuolar ATPases are a putative target.

Ingestion of Cleistanthus collinus, a shrub native to South India, either intentionally or accidentally, is a common cause of death in the area. Consumption of a boiled decoction of leaves is highly toxic, but medical management of patients is mainly supportive because the molecular mechanisms of toxin action are unknown. Distal renal tubular acidosis is one of the symptoms of poisoning in patients and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) requiring proton pumps is important for acid secretion in the kidney.