Treating status epilepticus in adults.

This clinical review examines the treatment of status epilepticus, a condition in which epileptic seizures are prolonged and pose a significant risk of brain damage and death. International guidelines recommend the use of benzodiazepines as first-line treatment, and these should be administered promptly and in appropriate doses. Second-line treatment involves the use of high-dose anti-seizure medications to stop and prevent seizures.

Episodic Memory Dysfunction and Effective Connectivity in Adult Patients With Newly Diagnosed Nonlesional Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Objective: Epilepsy is associated with both changes in brain connectivity and memory function, usually studied in the chronic patients. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of connectivity alterations measured by EEG in the parietofrontal network in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and to examine episodic memory, at the time point of diagnosis.

Methods: The parietofrontal network of newly diagnosed patients with TLE ( = 21) was assessed through electroencephalography (EEG) effective connectivity and compared with that of matched controls ( = 21).

Seizure control after late introduction of anakinra in a patient with adult onset Rasmussen's encephalitis.

Neuroinflammation has been considered an important pathophysiological process involved in epileptogenesis and may provide possibilities for new treatment possibilities. We present the case of a 45-year-old female with drug resistant epilepsy and progressive right-sided cerebral hemiatrophy associated with adult onset Rasmussen's encephalitis. Over a period of 26 years, she was treated with 14 different antiseizure medications, intravenous immunoglobulins, glucocorticosteroids, underwent two operations with focal resection and subpial transections, and tried out trigeminal nerve stimulation.

Cognition in adult patients with newly diagnosed non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: To evaluate whether cognitive performance is affected in newly diagnosed temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to determine the most vulnerable cognitive domains.

Methods: In this baseline longitudinal study, differences in memory and non-memory cognitive functions were assessed using comprehensive neuropsychological test batteries in 21 adult patients with newly diagnosed non-lesional TLE and individually matched controls. In addition, the analyses included ratings of self-perceived emotional status.

Influence of valproate-induced hyperammonemia on treatment decision in an adult status epilepticus cohort.

Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency in which immediate intervention is required to prevent permanent brain damage and death. Intravenous (IV) valproic acid (VPA) is often used for the treatment of SE. However, IV VPA frequently increases the blood ammonia level.

Predictive performances of STESS and EMSE in a Norwegian adult status epilepticus cohort.

Purpose: "Status Epilepticus Severity Score" (STESS) and "Epidemiology-based Mortality Score in Status Epilepticus" (EMSE) are two clinical scoring systems aiming to predict mortality in status epilepticus (SE). The objective of this study was to compare their predictive performances in a cohort of 151 SE-patients from Oslo University Hospital in the period 2001-2017.

Method: Variables used to calculate STESS (age, previous seizures, worst SE-semiology, level of consciousness) and two different versions of EMSE, EMSE-EAC (etiology, age, comorbidities) and EMSE-EACE (etiology, age, comorbidities, EEG-pattern), as well as outcome were collected retrospectively.

Seizure-like episodes and EEG abnormalities in patients with long QT syndrome.

Purpose: The congenital long QT-syndrome (cLQTS) is characterized by ventricular arrhythmias, syncope and sudden cardiac death. Many LQTS genes are also expressed in the brain and emerging evidence suggest that cardiac channelopathies can also cause epilepsy. The aim of the study is to explore evidence of epilepsy and/or EEG abnormalities in a cohort with a genotyped diagnosis of LQT1 or LQT2.

Factors associated with refractoriness and outcome in an adult status epilepticus cohort.

Purpose: Several multinational prospective registers have shown that a significant proportion of status epilepticus (SE) patients are not treated in line with international guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess quality of treatment and to identify factors associated with refractoriness and outcome in a cohort of adult SE patients in Norway.

Methods: 151 patients treated in Oslo University Hospital from 2001 to 2017 were included.

Clinical and psychosocial follow-up study of children treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Background: Serious heart and pulmonary failure may be treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this follow-up study was a multimodal assessment of outcome in children surviving ECMO at our hospital from 1991 to 2004.

Methods: Twenty-two children were, on average, 1.