Is 2-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography necessary 6 weeks after insertion of the levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine device?

Background: In Dutch practice, gynecologists are used to assessing the position of the LNG-IUD by performing a two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) directly after insertion and do not routinely invite patients for another consultation 4-12 weeks after insertion. There is no consensus whether a TVUS six weeks after insertion is routinely needed.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the incidence of malposition using 2-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography during routine investigation 6 weeks after insertion.

Insulin-induced capillary recruitment is impaired in both lean and obese women with PCOS.

Background: Insulin resistance, i.e. impaired insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU), is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Greater arterial stiffness in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an obesity--but not a PCOS-associated phenomenon.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity are associated with cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear to what extent they contribute independently. Arterial stiffness might link obesity and PCOS to cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate whether PCOS in the presence or absence of obesity is linked with arterial stiffness.

Microvascular function has no menstrual-cycle-dependent variation in healthy ovulatory women.

Objective: Hyper- and hypoestrogenism that persist for a long time can affect vascular and metabolic function. However, it is not clear whether the same is true for subtle sex hormone changes (i.e.

Clomiphene citrate resistance in relation to follicle-stimulating hormone receptor Ser680Ser-polymorphism in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Clomiphene citrate (CC) response in anovulatory women is difficult to predict and patient-tailored treatment would benefit patient care and time-management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) Ser680Ser-polymorphism as a predictor for CC response.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 193 patients, diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to Rotterdam criteria and treated with ovulation induction, were included over a 5-year period in a university hospital in the Netherlands.

Obese but not normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome are characterized by metabolic and microvascular insulin resistance.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity are associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear to what extent PCOS contributes independently of obesity.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether insulin sensitivity and insulin's effects on the microcirculation are impaired in normal-weight and obese women with PCOS.

Design And Population: Thirty-five women with PCOS (19 normal weight and 16 obese) and 27 age- and body mass index-matched controls (14 normal weight and 13 obese) were included.

Superiority of skinfold measurements and waist over waist-to-hip ratio for determination of body fat distribution in a population-based cohort of Caucasian Dutch adults.

Objective: To determine which anthropometric measurement is the most reliable alternative for fat distribution as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Design: Population-based survey carried out in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 376 individuals (200 women) with a mean age of 36.

Health related quality of life in disorders of defecation: the Defecation Disorder List.

Background: Constipation and encopresis frequently cause problems with respect to emotional wellbeing, and social and family life. Instruments to measure Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in these disorders are not available.

Methods: A disease specific HRQoL instrument, the "Defecation Disorder List" (DDL) for children with constipation or functional non-retentive faecal soiling (FNRFS) was developed using accepted guidelines.