Early mobilization versus bed rest for incidental durotomy: an institutional cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether flat bed rest for > 24 hours after an incidental durotomy improves patient outcome or is a risk factor for medical and wound complications and longer hospital stay.

Methods: Medical records of consecutive patients undergoing thoracic and lumbar decompression procedures from 2010 to 2020 were reviewed. Operative notes and progress notes were reviewed and searched to identify patients in whom incidental durotomies occurred.

Dermoid of the Posterior Fossa in Chiari II Malformation: The First Reported Case.

Dermoid cysts are rare lesions, particularly in children. Chiari II malformations are seen in patients with myelomeningocele. Here, we present a child with Chiari II malformation who, during a Chiari II decompression, was found to have a dermoid cyst.

The superior petrosal sinus: a review of anatomy, embryology, pathology, and neurosurgical relevance.

The superior petrosal sinus is located between the middle and posterior cranial fossae and is important during many neurosurgical approaches to the skull base. Using standard search engines, the anatomical and clinical importance of the superior petrosal sinus was investigated. The superior petrosal sinus is important in many neurosurgical approaches and pathological entities.

The microanatomy of spinal cord injury: a review.

Spinal cord injury is a highly prevalent condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology underlying it is extraordinarily complex and still not completely understood. We performed a comprehensive literature review of the pathophysiologic processes underlying spinal cord injury.

The inferior petrosal sinus: a comprehensive review with emphasis on clinical implications.

Introduction: The inferior petrosal sinus is an important component of the cerebral venous system with implications in diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases such as Cushing's disease, carotid cavernous, and dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Methods: This manuscript will review the anatomy, embryology, and clinical implications of the inferior petrosal sinus.

Conclusions: Knowledge of the inferior petrosal sinus is of great importance for open surgical approaches to the skull base and endovascular access to the cavernous sinus and sellar region.

The relationship between the superior petrosal sinus and the porus trigeminus: an anatomical study.

Object: During intracranial approaches to the skull base, vascular relationships are important. One relationship that has received scant attention in the literature is that between the superior petrosal sinus (SPS) and the opening of the Meckel cave (that is, the porus trigeminus).

Methods: Cadaver dissections were performed in 25 latex-injected adult cadaveric heads (50 sides).

Non-pharmacological experimental treatments for spinal cord injury: a review.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury is a complex result of primary mechanical damage and the secondary vascular compromise and inflammatory reactions. Depending on timing, different treatment modalities may have various effects.

Conclusions: We review the latest advances in terms of non-pharmacological experimental treatments.

Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842) and his contributions to early neurosurgery.

The renowned surgeon, neuroanatomist, and artist Sir Charles Bell not only impacted the lives of his peers through his creative endeavors and passion for art, but also sparked noteworthy breakthroughs in the field of neuroscience. His empathetic nature and zest for life enabled him to develop an early proclivity for patient care. As a result of his innovative findings regarding sensory and motor nerves and the anatomical makeup of the brain, he accepted some of the most prestigious awards and received an honorable reputation in society.

Analysis of the uncinate processes of the cervical spine: an anatomical study.

Object: Although the uncovertebral region is neurosurgically relevant, relatively little is reported in the literature, specifically the neurosurgical literature, regarding its anatomy. Therefore, the present study aimed at further elucidation of this region's morphological features.

Methods: Morphometry was performed on the uncinate processes of 40 adult human skeletons.

Anatomy and pathology of the cranial emissary veins: a review with surgical implications.

Emissary veins connect the extracranial venous system with the intracranial venous sinuses. These include, but are not limited to, the posterior condyloid, mastoid, occipital, and parietal emissary veins. A review of the literature for the anatomy, embryology, pathology, and surgery of the intracranial emissary veins was performed.

James Drake (1667-1707): Anatomist and political activist.

James Drake (1667-1707) was a renowned physician, anatomist, and writer whose name was recognized throughout London. He was highly involved in the politics of his time and was a well-known pamphleteer. He also delved into comedies and plays.

Cavum velum interpositum, cavum septum pellucidum, and cavum vergae: a review.

Introduction: Anterior midline intracranial cysts may be found most often in three forms: cavum septum pellucidum, cavum vergae, and cavum velum interpositum. A single offering that reviews these entities is difficult to find in the extant literature. Therefore, the present review was performed.

Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772): pioneer of neuroanatomy.

Emanuel Swedenborg is widely accredited for his religious fervor and devout dedication to his spirituality. He spearheaded the creation of what is known today as the New Jerusalem Church. However, Swedenborg also served as a prominent figure in the European Enlightenment, making noteworthy strides in the fields of mathematics and science.

China's first surgeon: Hua Tuo (c. 108-208 AD).

Hua Tuo (c. 108-208 AD), the Chinese surgical pioneer and herbal expert, excelled as a physician, making significant strides in anesthesia, surgery, and acupuncture. He is accredited for spearheading the practice of laparotomies and organ transplants, using anesthetics, and he was the first Chinese surgeon to operate on the abdomen including performing splenectomy and colostomy.

Charles Prosper Ollivier d'Angers (1796-1845) and his contributions to defining syringomyelia.

Introduction: Distinguished as an anatomist, pathologist, and clinician, the Frenchman Charles Prosper Ollivier d'Angers dedicated his life to accelerating the forefront of neuroscience. At a young age, he explored the diseases and disorders of the spinal cord during a time when clinical neurological investigation scarcely existed. Ollivier d'Angers coined the term "syringomyelia.

Pediatric traumatic carotid, vertebral and cerebral artery dissections: a review.

Traumatic cerebral dissections are rare but potentially dangerous conditions that through improved diagnostics have recently gained increased interest. However, there is still a significant lack of knowledge on the natural history, as well as on the best treatment options. Most of the literature on this topic consists of case reports and retrospective studies with no prospective randomized controlled studies.

Persistent fetal intracranial arteries: a comprehensive review of anatomical and clinical significance.

As fetal intracranial vessels may persist into adulthood, knowledge of their anatomy and potential clinical and surgical complications should be borne in mind by the surgeon. A comprehensive review of these vessels, however, is not easily identified in the literature. Therefore, the present analysis was undertaken so that such information is available to the clinician and morphologist.

Chemical priming for spinal cord injury: a review of the literature part II-potential therapeutics.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury is a complex cascade of reactions secondary to the initial mechanical trauma that puts into action the innate properties of the injured cells, the circulatory, inflammatory, and chemical status around them, into a non-permissive and destructive environment for neuronal function and regeneration. Priming means putting a cell, in a state of "arousal" towards better function. Priming can be mechanical as trauma is known to enhance activity in cells.

Chemical priming for spinal cord injury: a review of the literature. Part I-factors involved.

Introduction: There are significant differences between the propensity of neural regeneration between the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Materials And Methods: Following a review of the literature, we describe the role of growth factors, guiding factors, and neurite outgrowth inhibitors in the physiology and development of the nervous system as well as the pathophysiology of the spinal cord. We also detail their therapeutic role as well as those of other chemical substances that have recently been found to modify regrowth following cord injury.

Cellular and paracellular transplants for spinal cord injury: a review of the literature.

Background: Experimental approaches to limit the spinal cord injury and to promote neurite outgrowth and improved function from a spinal cord injury have exploded in recent decades. Due to the cavitation resulting after a spinal cord injury, newer important treatment strategies have consisted of implanting scaffolds with or without cellular transplants. There are various scaffolds, as well as various different cellular transplants including stem cells at different levels of differentiation, Schwann cells and peripheral nerve implants, that have been reviewed.

Surgical management and outcome of schwannomas in the craniocervical region.

Object: Schwannomas occupying the craniocervical junction (CCJ) are rare and usually originate from the jugular foramen, hypoglossal nerves, and C-1 and C-2 nerves. Although they may have different origins, they may share the same symptoms, surgical approaches, and complications. An extension of these lesions along the posterior fossa cisterns, foramina, and spinal canal--usually involving various cranial nerves (CNs) and the vertebral and cerebellar arteries--poses a surgical challenge.

Nonvestibular schwannomas: an evaluation of functional outcome after radiosurgical and microsurgical management.

Purpose: Nonvestibular cranial nerve schwannomas (NVCNS) are relatively rare tumors. We evaluated our experience with radiosurgical and microsurgical treatment alone and in combination for the management of NVCNS.

Methods: The charts of 62 patients with NVCNS who were treated between 1993 and 2005 at our institution were reviewed.