Difficult airway foreign body removal.

Foreign body (FB) aspiration in children is a common emergency. Traditionally, rigid bronchoscopy has been considered to be the mainstay for removal. However, in certain cases, flexible bronchoscopy can prove to be a better option and avoid thoracic surgery and unnecessary morbidity.

Normative values of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) in apparently healthy children from Eastern India - A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The primary objective was to determine normative values of oxygen saturation (SpO2) by pulse oximetry in apparently healthy children, aged 1 month to 14 years. The secondary objective was to explore any variation in oxygen saturation levels by age and gender.

Materials And Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre and schools in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, from January 2021 to December 2022.

Prevalence of Metabolic Abnormalities and their Association with Asthma Symptom Control in Children.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MS) in children with asthma, aged 10 to 15 y, and to determine if these metabolic abnormalities showed an association with asthma symptom control and lung function.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary centre in north India. Consecutive children with physician diagnosed asthma were enrolled.

Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Management of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) in Children and Adolescents with Asthma.

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) frequently complicates asthma. There is urgent need to develop evidence-based guidelines for the management of ABPA in children. The Evidence Based Guideline Development Group (EBGDG) of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) National Respiratory Chapter (NRC) addressed this need.

World Health Organization Guideline on the Management of Tuberculosis in Children: Critical Appraisal, Concerns, and Caution.

In September 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a new guideline for the management of tuberculosis (TB) in children and adolescents. It included eight new recommendations. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) has been designated as the preferred initial diagnostic test for pulmonary TB and detection of rifampicin resistance.

Multi-pathogen based chimeric vaccine to fight against COVID-19 and concomitant coinfections.

Background: COVID-19 has proved to be a fatal disease of the year 2020, due to which thousands of people globally have lost their lives, and still, the infection cases are at a high rate. Experimental studies suggested that SARS-CoV-2 interacts with various microorganisms, and this coinfection is accountable for the augmentation of infection severity.

Methods And Results: In this study, we have designed a multi-pathogen vaccine by involving the immunogenic proteins from S.

Translational vaccinomics and structural filtration algorithm to device multiepitope vaccine for catastrophic monkeypox virus.

Recent outbreak of monkeypox disease commenced in April 2022, and on May 7, the first confirmed case was reported. The world health organization then designated monkeypox disease as a public health emergency of international outrage on July 23, after it spread to 70 non-endemic nations in less than 15 days. This catastrophic viral infection encourages the development of antiviral therapeutics due to the lack of specific treatments with negligible adverse effects.

Serum Periostin Level in Children with Asthma.

Objectives: To determine the average serum periostin level in children with asthma between 6 and 16 y of age, and to find out if the levels correlated with markers of eosinophilic inflammation, asthma control, and severity.

Methods: Children under follow-up at a tertiary care centre were enrolled. Children with conditions causing elevated serum periostin other than asthma, or history of systemic steroid use in the past 6 mo were excluded.

MiRNA-SARS-CoV-2 dialogue and prospective anti-COVID-19 therapies.

COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), affects 226 countries and continents, and has resulted in >6.2 million deaths worldwide. Despite the efforts of all scientific institutions worldwide to identify potential therapeutics, no specific drug has been approved by the FDA to treat the COVID-19 patient.

High-throughput virtual screening of small-molecule inhibitors targeting immune cell checkpoints to discover new immunotherapeutics for human diseases.

Immunotherapy is widely used to treat various cancers, and the drugs used are called immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors. Overexpression of immune cell checkpoints is reported for other human diseases such as acute infections (malaria), chronic viral infection (HIV, hepatitis B virus, TB infections), allergy, asthma, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases. Some mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) are available against ICPs, but they have side effects.

Flexible Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage for Confirmation of Pulmonary Hydatid Disease in Children: A Case Series.

Hydatid disease of the lungs is common in endemic regions. It can be suspected clinically by non-specific respiratory symptoms in children living in endemic regions, especially when they are close to sheep or dogs. Chest imaging X-ray or computed tomography may show characteristic cysts in some cases, but typical findings are absent in many children.

Correction: Palladium-catalysed 5- allylic (hetero)arylation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D0SC01932A.].

Hypothesis-Driven Palladium-Catalyzed Transformations for the Construction of New Molecular Architectures.

The development of new synthetic protocols to access diverse molecular scaffolds from readily available starting compounds is of significance in both academia and industry. Towards this, the catalysis by transition metals has been employed as a powerful tool to access molecules with broad structural and functional diversity. An overview of the recent literature manifested the tremendous potential of transition metal-catalyzed processes in advancing organic synthesis in a new direction.