Cardiovascular Disease and 10-Year Mortality in Postmenopausal Women with Clinical Features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have greater cardiac risk factor clustering but the link with mortality is incompletely described.

Objective: To evaluate outcomes in 295 postmenopausal women enrolled in the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH-NHLBI) sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study according to clinical features of PCOS.

Materials And Methods: A total of 25/295 (8%) women had clinical features of PCOS defined by a premenopausal history of irregular menses and current biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenemia, defined as the top quartile of androstenedione (≥701 pg/mL), testosterone (≥30.

Total estrogen time and obstructive coronary disease in women: insights from the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE).

Objective: It has been suggested that both endogenous reproductive hormones and hormone therapy may play a protective role against coronary artery disease (CAD). However, recent clinical trials have failed to demonstrate the benefit of a variety of forms of hormone therapy. The observational data on the role of endogenous reproductive hormones, using surrogate measures such as number of birth, age at menarche, and age at menopause are inconsistent.

Relations between endogenous androgens and estrogens in postmenopausal women with suspected ischemic heart disease.

Context: Because androgens are obligatory precursors of estrogens, it is reasonable to assume that their serum concentrations would exhibit positive correlations. If so, then epidemiologic studies that examine the association between androgens and pathological processes should adjust the results for the independent effect of estrogens.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the interrelationships among testosterone (T), androstenedione, estradiol (E2), estrone, and SHBG in postmenopausal women.

Diabetes mellitus, hypothalamic hypoestrogenemia, and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women (from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sponsored WISE study).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) portends a higher risk of coronary heart disease mortality in women compared with men. This relationship appears to be independent of traditional cardiac risk factors, and the role of reproductive hormones has been postulated. We assessed the relationship between DM, hypothalamic hypoestrogenemia (HHE), angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during a median of 5.

Postmenopausal women with a history of irregular menses and elevated androgen measurements at high risk for worsening cardiovascular event-free survival: results from the National Institutes of Health--National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation.

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a greater clustering of cardiac risk factors. However, the link between PCOS and cardiovascular (CV) disease is incompletely described.

Objective: The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the risk of CV events in 390 postmenopausal women enrolled in the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH-NHLBI) sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study according to clinical features of PCOS.

Determination of menopausal status in women: the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study.

Purpose: Accurate classification of menopausal status is important to epidemiological research evaluating the role of reproductive hormones in disease processes. Algorithms relying on repeat hormone assays are unfeasible in large epidemiological studies. This paper summarizes the development of the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Hormonal menopausal status algorithm for determining premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal status using menstrual and reproductive history and reproductive hormone levels obtained at a single clinic visit.

A prospective, nonrandomized, open-labeled pilot study investigating the use of magnesium in patients undergoing nonacute percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation.

Background: Magnesium has recently been shown to inhibit acute stent thrombosis in animal models. This study tested the feasibility of magnesium administration in patients undergoing nonacute percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation.

Methods: Twenty-one patients undergoing nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled and received intravenous magnesium sulfate (2-g bolus over 20 minutes prepercutaneous coronary intervention, followed by 14 g over 12 hours infusion).

Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and its association with angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) in premenopausal women.

Background: Coronary artery disease in premenopausal women appears to have a particularly poor prognosis. Primate animal data suggest that premenopausal CAD is strongly determined by psychosocial stress-induced central disruption of ovulatory cycling and resulting hypoestrogenemia.

Cholesterol-lowering medication, cholesterol level, and reproductive hormones in women: the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE).

Purpose: Reproductive hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are synthesized from a common cholesterol precursor pathway. We hypothesized that use of statins and the resultant lower blood lipoprotein levels would be associated with lower reproductive hormone levels in women. We also sought to evaluate this association, independent of statin use, particularly among premenopausal women of childbearing age.