Standardized dosing of antitubercular drugs leads to variable plasma drug levels, which are associated with adverse drug reactions, delayed treatment response, and relapse. Mutations in genes affecting drug metabolism explain considerable interindividual pharmacokinetic variability; however, pharmacogenomic assays that predict metabolism of antitubercular drugs have been lacking. We sought to develop a Nanopore sequencing panel and validate its performance in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) to personalize treatment dosing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Environmental surveillance, using detection of Salmonella Typhi DNA, has emerged as a potentially useful tool to identify typhoid-endemic settings; however, it is relatively costly and requires molecular diagnostic capacity. We sought to determine whether S. Typhi bacteriophages are abundant in water sources in a typhoid-endemic setting, using low-cost assays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: Standardized dosing of anti-tubercular (TB) drugs leads to variable plasma drug levels, which are associated with adverse drug reactions, delayed treatment response, and relapse. Mutations in genes affecting drug metabolism explain considerable interindividual pharmacokinetic variability; however, pharmacogenomic (PGx) assays that predict metabolism of anti-TB drugs have been lacking.
Objectives: To develop a Nanopore sequencing panel and validate its performance in active TB patients to personalize treatment dosing.
Background: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000).
Methods: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch.
We performed whole-genome sequencing of 174 Typhi and 54 Paratyphi A isolates collected through prospective surveillance in the context of a phased typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction in Navi Mumbai, India. We investigate the temporal and geographical patterns of emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the relationship between the spatial distance between households and genetic clustering of isolates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBraz J Microbiol
September 2023
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have increased worldwide, posing a significant health threat by limiting the therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of cinnamaldehyde against MDR-K. pneumoniae strains in vitro and in vivo assays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study evaluated the scope and genetic basis of polymyxin-resistant in Brazil. Eight polymyxin-resistant and carbapenemase-producing strains were isolated from patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary hospital. Bacterial species were identified by automated systems and antimicrobial susceptibility profile was confirmed using broth microdilution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKlebsiella pneumoniae causes common and severe hospital- and community-acquired infections with a high incidence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and mortality. In this study, we investigated the ability of the antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNA) conjugated to the (KFF)3K cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) to target the gyrA KPC-producing K. pneumoniae and inhibit bacterial growth in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe occurrence of multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens strains represents a serious public health threat. The purpose here is to report three cases of carbapenem-resistant S. marcescens infections with unfavorable clinical outcomes and provide a molecular description of the antibiotic resistance determinants at a genomic level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe prevalence of polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. Their emergence is worrisome and limits therapeutic options for severely ill patients. We aimed to investigate the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae circulating in Brazilian hospitals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Essential oils can serve as novel sources of antibiotics for multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Methods: The multidrug-resistance profile of a Klebsiella aerogenes strain was assessed by PCR and sequencing. The antibacterial activity of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CCeo) against K.
J Toxicol Environ Health A
December 2020
The global spread of multidrug-resistant strains has prompted the scientific community to explore novel sources of chemicals with antimicrobial activity. The aim of the study was to examine the antimicrobial activity of 28 extracts against carbapenem-producing , individually and in combination with antibiotics and toxicological assessment of the most active product. The multi-resistant strain was submitted for phenotypic and molecular characterization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to assess the clinical impact and potential risk factors associated with polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from patients hospitalized in adult and neonatal intensive care units. A case-control study was conducted from September 2015 to January 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility of polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains was determined by broth microdilution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Trop Med Hyg
October 2019
Introduction: Plant products are sources for drug development against multidrug resistant bacteria.
Methods: The antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OVeo) against carbapenem-resistant strains was assessed by disk-diffusion, microdilution (REMA-Resazurin Microtiter Assay), and time kill assays.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum, which is highly prevalent in several countries, including Brazil. The use of bioinformatics' tools for the identification of resistance genes is an important practice for the study of microorganisms, such as T. pallidum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe global spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains has restricted the therapeutic options available to treat infections due to this pathogen. Understanding the prevalence of such infections and the underlying genetic mechanisms of resistance may help in the implementation of adequate measures to control and prevent acquisition of nosocomial infections, especially in an intensive care unit setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe describe a clonal dissemination of KPC-producing Enterobacter cloacae in a Brazilian hospital. Patients diagnosed with theses isolates showed high mortality rate (41.8%) and were associated with previous use of antibiotics and urinary catheterization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study describes the molecular characteristics and risk factors associated with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Risk factors associated with KPC-producing K. pneumoniae strains were investigated in this case-control study from May 2011 to May 2013.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Microbiol
July 2015
We describe an outbreak caused by KPC-2- and IMP-10-producing Serratia marcescens isolates in a Brazilian teaching hospital. Tigecycline was the only active antimicrobial agent tested. The blaIMP-10 gene was located in a new class 1 integron, named In990, carried by a nonconjugative plasmid, in contrast to blaKPC-2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF