The use of digital PCR to improve the application of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods for tuberculosis.

Background: Real-time PCR (qPCR) based methods, such as the Xpert MTB/RIF, are increasingly being used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB). While qualitative methods are adequate for diagnosis, the therapeutic monitoring of TB patients requires quantitative methods currently performed using smear microscopy. The potential use of quantitative molecular measurements for therapeutic monitoring has been investigated but findings have been variable and inconclusive.

Genital ulcers and concomitant complaints in men attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic: implications for sexually transmitted infections management.

Background: Although genital herpes has emerged as the most common cause of genital ulcers in Southern Africa, treatment for herpes is not available routinely in the region. This study was performed to determine the etiology of genital ulcers in men in Durban and assess other sexually transmitted infections-related symptoms, presentation, and treatment patterns in this group.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed on specimens from consecutive male patients with genital ulcers to detect sexually transmitted pathogens.

Association between HIV and subpreputial penile wetness in uncircumcised men in South Africa.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of subpreputial penile wetness and to investigate the association between current levels of penile wetness and HIV infection.

Methods: Male attenders at a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Durban, South Africa were enrolled and treated for their presenting sexually transmitted infection complaint. They were asked to return after 14 days when a structured questionnaire was administered, and the degree of wetness of the glans penis and coronal sulcus was assessed clinically.

Molecular epidemiology of recently emergent ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in South Africa.

Objectives: Syndromic management guidelines for male urethritis syndrome and female discharge syndrome (nonpregnant) in South Africa advocate the use of ciprofloxacin for potential infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In 2003, reports of clinical failure of gonorrhea following ciprofloxacin treatment prompted a clinic-based surveillance to detect the presence of resistant isolates.

Study: Urethral samples for the isolation of N gonorrhoeae were obtained from consecutive male patients with urethral discharge attending the largest sexually transmitted disease clinic in KwaZuluNatal.