CT strain metrics allow for earlier diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplant.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Quantitative computed tomography (qCT) can help diagnose advanced BOS meeting National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria (NIH-BOS) but has not been used to diagnose early, often asymptomatic BOS (early BOS), limiting the potential for early intervention and improved outcomes. Using pulmonary function tests (PFTs) to define NIH-BOS, early BOS, and mixed BOS (NIH-BOS with restrictive lung disease) in patients from 2 large cancer centers, we applied qCT to identify early BOS and distinguish between types of BOS.

Deuterium metabolic imaging for 3D mapping of glucose metabolism in humans with central nervous system lesions at 3T.

Purpose: To explore the potential of 3T deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) using a birdcage H radiofrequency (RF) coil in both healthy volunteers and patients with central nervous system (CNS) lesions.

Methods: A modified gradient filter, home-built H volume RF coil, and spherical k-space sampling were employed in a three-dimensional chemical shift imaging acquisition to obtain high-quality whole-brain metabolic images of H-labeled water and glucose metabolic products. These images were acquired in a healthy volunteer and three subjects with CNS lesions of varying pathologies.

One Model to Synthesize Them All: Multi-Contrast Multi-Scale Transformer for Missing Data Imputation.

Multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in clinical practice as each contrast provides complementary information. However, the availability of each imaging contrast may vary amongst patients, which poses challenges to radiologists and automated image analysis algorithms. A general approach for tackling this problem is missing data imputation, which aims to synthesize the missing contrasts from existing ones.

Deep Learning-Based Water-Fat Separation from Dual-Echo Chemical Shift-Encoded Imaging.

Conventional water-fat separation approaches suffer long computational times and are prone to water/fat swaps. To solve these problems, we propose a deep learning-based dual-echo water-fat separation method. With IRB approval, raw data from 68 pediatric clinically indicated dual echo scans were analyzed, corresponding to 19382 contrast-enhanced images.

MRI of [2- C]Lactate without J-coupling artifacts.

Purpose: Imaging of [2- C]lactate, a metabolic product of [2- C]pyruvate, is over considerable interest in hyperpolarized C studies. However, artifact-free imaging of a J-coupled nuclear spin species can be challenging due to the peak-splitting induced by the spin-spin interactions. In this work, two new techniques resolving these J-modulated artifacts are presented.

Reversed metabolic reprogramming as a measure of cancer treatment efficacy in rat C6 glioma model.

Background: Metabolism in tumor shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to inefficient glycolysis resulting in overproduction of lactate (Warburg effect), and cancers may be effectively treated if this imbalance were corrected. The aim of this longitudinal study of glioblastoma in a rat model was to determine whether the ratio of lactate (surrogate marker for glycolysis) to bicarbonate (for oxidative phosphorylation), as measured via in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized 13C-labeled pyruvate accurately predicts survival.

Methods: C6 Glioma implanted male Wistar rats (N = 26) were treated with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody B20.

Hyperpolarized Sodium [1-C]-Glycerate as a Probe for Assessing Glycolysis In Vivo.

Hyperpolarized C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides unprecedented opportunities to obtain clinical diagnostic information through in vivo monitoring of metabolic pathways. The continuing advancement of this field relies on the identification of molecular probes that can effectively interrogate pathways critical to disease. In this report, we describe the synthesis, development, and in vivo application of sodium [1-C]-glycerate ([C]-Glyc) as a novel probe for evaluating glycolysis using hyperpolarized C MRS.

Doublet asymmetry for estimating polarization in hyperpolarized C-pyruvate studies.

Hyperpolarized C MRS allows in vivo interrogation of key metabolic pathways, with pyruvate (Pyr) the substrate of choice for current clinical studies. Knowledge of the liquid-state polarization is needed for full quantitation, and asymmetry of the C doublet, arising from 1% naturally abundant [1,2- C]Pyr in any hyperpolarized [1- C]Pyr sample, has been suggested as a direct measure of in vivo C polarization via the use of an in vitro calibration curve. Here we show that different polarization levels can yield the same C -doublet asymmetry, thus limiting the utility of this metric for quantitation.