[Treatment in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemias and hyperleukocytosis at disease onset].

Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of the treatment policy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and hyperleukocytosis (HL), which is aimed at preventing rapid hypercytolysis and massive tumor lysis (cytolysis) syndrome and/or at reducing the degree of the latter at the start of induction polychemotherapy.

Subjects And Methods: In 2010 to 2014, the Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, treated 92 patients with AML, out of them 18 patients were found to have white blood cell counts of 100 to 408-10(9)/1 (median, 130-10(9)/l) at the onset of the disease. All the examinees received cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea and, in presence of leukostasis and/or leukocytosis (≥150-10(9)/1), with leukocytapheresis.

[Therapy with high-doses of antithrombin III in patients with septic shock and agranulocytosis].

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess efficacy of high-doses ofantithrombin 111 (AT) for treatment of septic shock in patients with an agranulocytosis.

Design: Prospective, controlled study.

Patients: 29 patients from 18 to 74 years old, with blood diseases complicated with septic shock Dates of study: from 2006 to 2012.

[Combined chemotherapy for hemoblastoses and therapy for acute respiratory failure in intensive care conditions].

Aim: To study the efficiency of polychemotherapy (PCT) for hemoblastoses in acute respiratory failure (ARP).

Subjects And Methods: The case histories of 63 hemoblastosis patients with ARF who received PCT were examined. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) 40 patients with acute leukemia (AL); 2) 15 patients with lymphomas; 3) 8 with multiple myeloma (MM).

[Treatment of life-threatening airway obstruction in patients with malignant lymphomas].

Case histories of patients with hemoblastosis admitted to a hospital for acute respiratory failure due to tumor-induced obstruction were retrospectively analyzed. The causes of obstruction, antitumor therapy, methods for provision of airway patency, and major critical syndromes were analyzed. Ten patients with life-threatening tumor-induced airway obstruction were hospitalized from 1995 to 2007.

[Lung biopsy in the diagnosis of causes of lung involvement in hemoblastosis].

Aim: To ascertain the role of lung biopsy in diagnosis of lung lesions in hemoblastosis (HB) patients.

Material And Methods: The results of diagnostic biopsies of the lungs obtained from 22 HB patients are presented. Ten patients had no respiratory insufficiency (RI), twelve patients had RI.

[Dilatation tracheostomy in patients with hemorrhagic syndrome].

Specific features of dilatation tracheostomy (DTS) were studied in 45 patients with hemorrhagic syndrome; 37 of them had thrombocytopenia; 6 patients had thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); and 2 patients had congenital coagulopathy. Besides, there were patients, among the examined ones, with hemoblastosis (36), with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (1), with aplastic anemia (1), with HELLP-syndrome (1), with diabetes mellitus (1), with rheumatoid arthritis, with stomach cancer (2) and with hemophilia A (2). Commercial sets were made use of for DTS ("Portex").

[Comparative evaluation of different tracheal accesses for artificial ventilation of the lungs in patients with depressed hematopoiesis].

The purpose of this study was to analyze the complications and errors in tracheal intubation and tracheostomy, development of algorithm of steps for provision of endotracheal access in patients with hematological diseases. Provision of endotracheal access in 115 patients with blood system diseases is analyzed retrospectively. A total of 113 orotracheal, 50 nasotracheal intubations, and 48 tracheostomies were carried out.

[Noninvasive ventilation of the lungs in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and place of noninvasive ventilation of the lungs (NVL) in the treatment of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with tumorous diseases of the blood. The study was carried out in 12 patients (3 men and 9 women) with tumorous diseases of the blood system, in whom NVL was used for treating ARF. Central hemodynamic and oxygen transport parameters were studied using Swan-Hanz catheter.