Thoracic Dorsal Spinal Cord Herniation: Brief Report and Review of Literature with an Attempt at Hypothesizing the Possible Pathogenesis.

Spontaneous dorsal cord herniations are very rare, with only 3 reported cases published in the literature. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl, presenting with progressive symptoms of myelopathy, diagnosed with dorsal cord herniation. She was managed surgically.

Cisternal, vascular, and parenchymal landmarks in amygdalohippocampectomy for mesial temporal sclerosis: an index case with learnings from 820 resections.

Cortico-amygdalo-hippocampectomy is the most common epilepsy surgery resection in adults and offers excellent outcomes. Seizure outcome benefits range from 75% to 88% with a 2%-4% adverse event rate. The safety profile and outcomes could be enhanced further by clearly defining key surgical landmarks that could also aid tumoral resections in the mesial temporal lobe and selective mesial resections.

Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease-the Developing World's Perspective.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the most widely used device-assisted therapy in patients with moderately advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing motor complications. Only a minority of eligible patients get the opportunity to undergo DBS in the developing world.

Objectives: To examine the proportion and characteristics of patients with motor complications of PD who are willing for DBS and who undergo surgery.

Colloid Cyst: Revision of Third Ventricular Zones for Risk Stratification of Hydrocephalus.

Objective: We sought to reclassify the "anatomic risk zones of colloid cysts" as proposed by Beaumont et al, by proposing newer landmarks, and to assess predictive value for the risk of occurrence of hydrocephalus with the new classification compared with the old.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 122 cases of colloid cyst of third ventricle were categorized into zones 1, 2, or 3 based on Beaumont's classification (old zone) and our classification (new zone) based on radiologic images. We attempted to recategorize these zones by assigning new anatomic landmarks.

Analysis of Evolution of Hydrocephalus in Posterior Fossa Tumors and Validation Study of the Modified Canadian Preoperative Prediction Rule for Hydrocephalus in Children and Frankfurt Grading System for Prediction of Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion in Adults with Posterior Fossa Tumors.

Objective: We sought to analyze the evolution of hydrocephalus and enumerate its predictive factors in posterior fossa tumors in children and adults. We also validated the modified Canadian Preoperative Prediction Rule for Hydrocephalus (mCPPRH) and Frankfurt grading systems as tools to predict cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion in children and adults, respectively.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with posterior fossa tumors operated between 2012 and 2019 was performed.

Autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion: A comparative study of the peri-operative outcomes in a tertiary care hospital in South India amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Autologous blood transfusion is known to have advantages over allogeneic transfusion. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified the already existing shortage of allogeneic blood supply. We carried out a study during this period with the aim to elicit the effects of autologous blood collection and transfusion, to compare the peri-operative outcomes of autologous and allogeneic transfusion practices and also to assess the influence of the autologous transfusion programme in the Blood Centre inventory.

Nonneoplastic and noninfective cysts of the central nervous system: A histopathological study.

Nonneoplastic epithelial cysts involving the central nervous system are diverse and are predominantly developmental in origin. This study represents a surgical series describing the histopathological features of 507 such epithelial cysts with clinical and imaging correlation. Age at surgery ranged from 7 months to 72 years (mean: 33 years) affecting 246 male and 261 female patients.

Revisiting Dandy-Walker Malformation with Associated Neurofibromatosis.

This report describes a very rare Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) associated with neurofibromatosis (NF) and bony defect over torcula emphasizing the role of meticulous follow-up for asymptomatic DWM. The clinical aspects of an adolescent patient with undiagnosed DWM who was asymptomatic until the age of 14 years are being discussed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were revealed DWM.

Conus medullaris intramedullary arachnoid cyst- case report and review of the literature.

Background: Spinal intramedullary cysts present a radiological dilemma. We present a rare case of a conus intramedullary arachnoid cyst and report on its differentiating features and management.

Case Description: We report a case of a 30-month-old child who presented with decreased gluteal sensation and urinary dribbling for 6 months.

Cognitive outcome following bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease-a comparative observational study in Indian patients.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves motor symptoms and motor complications of Parkinson's disease (PD). The intervention is expected to result in some cognitive changes, the nature of which is not uniform across the studies which have reported them. PD itself is associated with progressive cognitive decline and hence longitudinal follow-up studies with medically managed control group of patients are needed to explore the cognitive deficits attributable to DBS.

Compressive vertebral hemangiomas with neurological deficits: diagnosis, surgical strategies and long term outcome.

Purpose: Compressive vertebral hemangiomas with neurological deficits (CVHND) form a rare, unique subset of lesions comprising of differing clinico-imaging findings, pathologic behavior and treatment, when compared to the commoner and usually incidental intra-osseus vertebral hemangiomas (VH). Though various surgical strategies and a broad array of adjuncts have evolved and changed over the years, there is paucity of comprehensive data from sizeable series of such patients treated surgically with long term follow up. The purpose of this study is to device an optimum management strategy in CVHND based on our surgical experience.

ICA Bifurcation Aneurysms: Clinical Features and Surgical Outcome in a Tertiary Referral Center in South India.

Aim: To study the clinical profile, imaging features, intra-operative findings, post-operative outcome at discharge and at 6 months in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation aneurysm.

Material And Methods: Present study is a retrospective analysis of data of patients who underwent surgery for ICA bifurcation aneurysm between the period of 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2015 at our institute. Demographic variable, clinical grade, radiological finding was assessed.

Interleaved Stimulation for Freezing of Gait in Advanced Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling and refractory symptom of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Interleaved stimulation (ILS) is a novel paradigm which may benefit axial symptoms of PD.

Objectives: To assess the effect of ILS on FOG in patients unresponsive to conventional subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation.

Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of intramedullary spinal hemangioblastomas.

Spinal hemangioblastomas constitute 1.6-5.8% of all spinal cord tumors.

Effect of Loading Dose of Dexmedetomidine on Dynamic Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in Patients With Intracranial Glial Neoplasms.

Background: Dexmedetomidine has been widely used in neuroanesthesia and critical care settings. The effects of dexmedetomidine on cerebral vascular autoregulation and hemodynamics in patients with intracranial pathology are not well defined. This study is aimed to address this issue.