Initiation of lactation and establishing relactation in outpatients.

The present study was conducted to evaluate whether mothers with babies less than 6 weeks of age can be helped to initiate or establish lactation in outpatient department. One thousand mothers with babies less than 6 weeks of age who completed 10 days of follow-up in outpatient have been analyzed. Mothers who had either stopped breastfeeding or were not able to initiate breastfeeding were helped with establishing lactation at outpatient clinic.

Follow-up study of survivors of severe protein energy manlnutrition.

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional profile of survivors of severe protein energy malnutrition on follow-up at 1-3 years and 5-7 years.

Design: Prospective and Cross-sectional point prevalence.

Methods: Group I comprised 50 severely malnourished children dischared 5-7 years from nutritional rehabilitation center and Group II comprised 50 children discharged 1-3 years ago.

Breastfeeding practices in villages of central Karnataka.

Objective: To asses the prevailing breastfeeding and infant feeding practices in rural areas.

Design: Stratified sampling method in a community based study.

Subjects: 1050 infants from 0-24 months of age.

Successful induced non-puerperal lactation in surrogate mothers.

Ten surrogate mothers seen between 1986-91 were encouraged to breast-feed their babies varying in age between 8 days to 5 months. All the 10 surrogate mothers had experienced pregnancy and child birth in the past. The lactational gap varied from 1 year to 16 years.

Treatment of inverted nipples using a disposable syringe.

Seven mothers who had inverted nipples were helped to breastfeed their infants with the assistance of a simple device made from a 10 ml disposable syringe. These women were able to successfully breastfeed within one week. On follow-up, these mothers were able to sustain adequate breastfeeding.

Controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet 50/200 CR4): clinical and pharmacokinetic studies.

Several controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa preparations have been formulated to achieve a more stable and extended antiparkinsonian action. The most effective is Sinemet CR (Sinemet CR4), with an erodible polymer matrix that retards release of levodopa. In 19 parkinsonians with prominent dose-by-dose fluctuations, double-blind crossover trials comparing 8-week regimens of standard carbidopa/levodopa (25/100) to Sinemet CR (50/200) showed comparable clinical outcomes, with mean daily dosing for optimal control reduced from 10.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of L-dopa plasma concentrations and clinical effects in Parkinson's disease after Sinemet.

Eleven parkinsonian patients participated in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study in an attempt to model levodopa (L-DOPA) plasma concentrations to clinical effect. Carbidopa 25 mg/L-DOPA 100 mg (Sinemet 25/100) was given orally, and blood samples were obtained before and serially for 4 hours after the dose. Effect measurements were obtained with each blood sample and included tapping score, timed walking, and global assessment of motor function.