The effect of pregnancy on maternal cognition.

To determine whether there are differences in measures of cognitive function between second and third trimester pregnant women compared to non-pregnant controls. This prospective study comprised 40 pregnant and 40 non-pregnant women, 20-40 years old, native-Hebrew speakers who were recruited from the outpatient clinics during a period of nearly 2 years. The patients underwent cognitive and affective evaluation.

Tetrabenazine for tardive tremor in elderly adults: a prospective follow-up study.

Tardive tremor (TT) is a rare neuroleptic-induced tardive syndrome. It is mainly postural and action associated rather than resting tremor without other parkinsonian features and resistant to most therapeutic interventions. Tetrabenazine (TBZ) is a possible option for treating TT.

Ebola virus disease in West Africa--the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections.

Background: On March 23, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) was notified of an outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea. On August 8, the WHO declared the epidemic to be a "public health emergency of international concern."

Methods: By September 14, 2014, a total of 4507 probable and confirmed cases, including 2296 deaths from EVD (Zaire species) had been reported from five countries in West Africa--Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sierra Leone.

Headache treatment after electroconvulsive treatment: a single-blinded trial comparator between eletriptan and paracetamol.

Background: After electroconvulsive treatment (ECT), headaches are a very frequent but underreported adverse effect. We conducted a study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of eletriptan versus paracetamol for this indication.

Methods: Twenty consecutive ECT-treated patients who reported headaches thereafter were recruited; they underwent a headache questionnaire and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) evaluation on headache intensity at baseline.

Exploration of piperidine-4-yl-aminopyrimidines as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. N-Phenyl derivatives with broad potency against resistant mutant viruses.

Further investigation of the recently reported piperidine-4-yl-aminopyrimidine class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has been carried out. Thus, preparation of a series of N-phenyl piperidine analogs resulted in the identification of 3-carboxamides as a particularly active series. Analogs such as 28 and 40 are very potent versus wild-type HIV-1 and a broad range of NNRTI-resistant mutant viruses.

Discovery of piperidin-4-yl-aminopyrimidines as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. N-benzyl derivatives with broad potency against resistant mutant viruses.

An analysis of the binding motifs of known HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors has led to discovery of novel piperidine-linked aminopyrimidine derivatives with broad activity against wild-type as well as drug-resistant mutant viruses. Notably, the series retains potency against the K103N/Y181C and Y188L mutants, among others. Thus, the N-benzyl compound 5k has a particularly attractive profile.

Discovery and optimization of pyridazinone non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

A series of benzyl pyridazinones were evaluated as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Several members of this series showed good activity against the wild-type virus and NNRTI-resistant viruses. The binding of inhibitor 5a to HIV-RT was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.

Dietary supplement use is prevalent among children with a chronic illness.

Objective: To determine the nature and prevalence of dietary supplement use among chronically ill children.

Design: This descriptive study used a self-report questionnaire.

Subjects: A convenience sample of parents of 505 chronically ill children and adolescents seen in subspecialty medical clinics in Salt Lake City, UT.

Lactams as EP4 prostanoid receptor subtype selective agonists. Part 1: 2-Pyrrolidinones-stereochemical and lower side-chain optimization.

A series of 7-[(5R)-substituted 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl]-heptanoic acids were prepared, their isomeric purity determined, and pharmacologically evaluated. Lactams with affinity for the EP(4) receptor displayed agonist behavior. The lower side-chain of the lactam template could be substituted to afford ligands (e.

Evaluation of urban measles mass campaigns for children aged 9-59 months in Mali.

There are an estimated 234,000 cases of measles and 13,851 measles-related deaths per year in Mali. In 1998 and 1999, 548,309 children aged 9-59 months were vaccinated against measles during mass campaigns in urban centers across Mali. After the first campaign, measles incidence decreased by 95% in districts encompassing vaccinated urban centers and by 41% in nonvaccinated districts.

Responses of leukocytes to chemokines in whole blood and their antagonism by novel CC-chemokine receptor 3 antagonists.

CC-chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3)-stimulating chemokines are likely to have important in vivo roles in the regulation of eosinophil, basophil, and potentially helper T cell type 2 and mast cell recruitment. We have developed techniques to investigate the actions of eotaxin and other chemokines on multiple leukocyte populations in whole blood, without cell purification steps that might alter leukocyte responsiveness. We have shown that the potency of eotaxin in whole blood is limited by Duffy antigen binding, which may modulate the actions of this chemokine in vivo.

Cruise ships: high-risk passengers and the global spread of new influenza viruses.

In 1997, passengers on North American cruises developed acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs); influenza was suspected. We reviewed 1 ship's medical records for 3 cruises: cruise 1 (31 August to 10 September 1997), cruise 2 (11-20 September 1997), and cruise 3 (20-30 September 1997). Medically attended ARI was defined as any 2 of the following symptoms: fever (temperature, > or =37.

Invasive disease due to group B streptococcal infection in adults: results from a Canadian, population-based, active laboratory surveillance study--1996. Sentinel Health Unit Surveillance System Site Coordinators.

In 1996, a population-based surveillance program for invasive adult group B streptococcal (GBS) diseases in Canada was undertaken, to define the epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of the disease. Nine public health units across Canada, representing 9.6% of the population, participated in the program.

Risk factors and course of illness among children with invasive penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The Streptococcus pneumoniae Working Group.

Objectives: To assess differences in risk factors, clinical presentation, and course of illness between children infected with penicillin-sensitive and drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP).

Design: A retrospective cohort study conducted in Uruguay and Argentina using information from a hospital-based surveillance system. Hospitalized children 5 years of age and younger who had S pneumoniae isolated from a normally sterile site between June 1993 and October 1996 were eligible.

Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in Latin American children: results of the Pan American Health Organization Surveillance Study.

Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae promise to be an effective public health intervention for children, especially in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. To characterize the distribution of capsular types in Latin America, surveillance for invasive pneumococcal infection in children < or = 5 years of age was done in six countries between February 1993 and April 1996. Fifty percent of 1,649 sterile-site isolates were from children with pneumonia, and 52% were isolated from blood.

Serogroup B, electrophoretic type 15 Neisseria meningitidis in Canada.

Invasive meningococcal disease is nationally reportable in Canada. In recent years, a serogroup C genotype, designated electrophoretic type 15 (ET15), has been the most frequently isolated meningococcal genotype in Canada and has caused epidemics across the country. Between August 1993 and September 1995, there were 9 cases of invasive meningococcal disease caused by a variant of this genotype, expressing group B capsular polysaccharide.

Invasive infections due to a fish pathogen, Streptococcus iniae. S. iniae Study Group.

Background: Streptococcus iniae is a pathogen in fish, capable of causing invasive disease and outbreaks in aquaculture farms. During the winter of 1995-1996 in the greater Toronto area there was a cluster of four cases of invasive S. iniae infection in people who had recently handled fresh, whole fish from such farms.

Selective inhibition of mammalian lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase by RS-21607 in vitro and in vivo.

The discovery of selective lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase inhibitors may lead to novel hypolipidemic drugs. RS-21607, (2S,4S)-cis-2[1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-4- [[(4-aminophenyl)thio]methyl]-1,3-dioxolane, was characterized as a tight-binding, competitive inhibitor of lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase purified from rat liver. The apparent Ki was determined to be 840 pM and found to be similar in hepatic microsomes from human, rat, and hamster.

Characterization of Neisseria meningitidis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease digestion of the porA gene.

Subtype classification based on the use of monoclonal antibodies to the class 1 outer membrane protein combined with techniques such as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis remains the standard method of characterizing isolates during outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease. We developed a rapid typing method based on the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) within the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of the porA gene, which encodes the class 1 outer membrane protein, reflecting genotypic rather than phenotypic variability between strains. Forty-five isolates of invasive Neisseria meningitidis obtained from October 1990 to April 1992 were studied after randomization and coding.