C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4-directed PET signal in the arterial tree is not consistently linked to calcified plaque burden and cardiovascular risk.

To establish the extent, distribution and frequency of in-vivo vessel wall [Ga]Ga-PentixaFor uptake and to determine its relationship with calcified atherosclerotic plaque burden (CAP) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). 65 oncological patients undergoing [Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT were assessed. Radiotracer uptake (target-to-background ratio [TBR]) and CAP burden (including number of CAP sites, calcification circumference and thickness) in seven major vessel segments per patient were determined.

[F]FDG and [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 Imaging for Outcome Prediction in Patients with High-Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

We aimed to quantitatively investigate the prognostic value of PET-based biomarkers on [F]FDG and [Ga]Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04 PET/CT in patients with highly aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and to compare the visually assessed differences in uptake on both examinations with progression-free survival (PFS). In this single-center retrospective analysis, 20 patients with high-grade NENs had undergone [F]FDG and [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET. Both PET scans were visually compared, and the presence of [F]FDG-positive, [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04-negative (FDG+/FAPI-) lesions was noted.

FDG-PET/CT is a powerful tool to predict and evaluate response to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma (NHL).

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has dramatically shifted the landscape of treatment especially for Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma (NHL). This study evaluates the role of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in NHL treated with CAR T-cell therapy concerning response assessment and prognosis.We evaluated 34 patients with NHL who received a CAR T-cell therapy between August 2019 and July 2022.

Prognostic Performance of RECIP 1.0 Based on [F]PSMA-1007 PET in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with [Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T.

In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT), the recently proposed criteria for evaluating response to PSMA PET (RECIP 1.0) based on Ga- and F-labeled PET agents provided prognostic information in addition to changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic performance of this framework for overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing RLT and imaged with [F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT and compare the prognostic performance with the PSA-based response assessment.

Volumetric Parameters Derived from CXCR4-Directed PET/CT Predict Outcome in Patients with Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas.

Background: Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NECs) are an aggressive subgroup of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In patients affected with NEN, there is a growing body of evidence that increased C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR4) expression is linked to decreasing overall survival (OS) in an ex-vivo setting. Thus, we aimed to determine whether the in-vivo-derived CXCR4-directed whole-body PET signal can also determine GEP-NEC patients with shorter OS.

Radiopharmaceuticals for Treatment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) represents a rare tumor entity with limited treatment options and usually rapid tumor progression in case of metastatic disease. As further treatment options are needed and ACC metastases are sensitive to external beam radiation, novel theranostic approaches could complement established therapeutic concepts. Recent developments focus on targeting adrenal cortex-specific enzymes like the theranostic twin [I]IMAZA that shows a good image quality and a promising therapeutic effect in selected patients.

PSMA PET/CT for Response Assessment of Lu-PSMA Therapy.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT has been widely integrated into the management of prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical recurrence, is increasingly used for initial staging in high-risk patients prior to surgery or to identify candidates for PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT). To date, monitoring response in PCa patients in prospective studies remains the domain of conventional imaging, such as magnetic resonance/CT or bone scintigraphy. With the increasing use of PSMA-targeted PET/CT in PCa, however, varying criteria based on molecular imaging have been established to define progressive disease, including "PSMA PET Progression Criteria," "Response evaluation criteria in PSMA PET/CT (RECIP 1.

SUV on baseline [F]PSMA-1007 PET and clinical parameters are associated with survival in prostate cancer patients scheduled for [Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T.

Background: Quantification of [ Ga]-labeled PSMA PET predicts response in patients with prostate cancer (PC) who undergo PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT). Given the increasing use [F]-labeled radiotracers, we aimed to determine whether the uptake derived from [F]PSMA-1007 PET can also identify responders and to assess its prognostic value relative to established clinical parameters.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 103 patients with metastatic, castration-resistant PC who were treated with [Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T.

PET/CT reading for relapse in non-small cell lung cancer after chemoradiotherapy in the PET-Plan trial cohort.

Background: Current studies indicate that fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography ([F]FDG PET/CT) is the most accurate imaging modality for the detection of relapsed locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after curatively intended chemoradiotherapy. To this day, there is no objective and reproducible definition for the diagnosis of disease recurrence in PET/CT, the reading of which is relevantly influenced by post radiation inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare visual and threshold-based semi-automated evaluation criteria for the assessment of suspected tumor recurrence in a well-defined study population investigated during the randomized clinical PET-Plan trial.

Molecular imaging of arterial fibroblast activation protein: association with calcified plaque burden and cardiovascular risk factors.

Purpose: We aimed to assess prevalence, distribution, and intensity of in-vivo arterial wall fibroblast activation protein (FAP) uptake, and its association with calcified plaque burden, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and FAP-avid tumor burden.

Methods: We analyzed 69 oncologic patients who underwent [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. Arterial wall FAP inhibitor (FAPI) uptake in major vessel segments was evaluated.

Impact of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT on Staging and Therapeutic Management in Patients With Digestive System Tumors.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the impact of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-directed molecular imaging on staging and therapeutic management in patients affected with digestive system tumors when compared with guideline-compatible imaging (GCI).

Patients And Methods: Thirty-two patients with tumors of the digestive system were included: colon adenocarcinoma, 2/32 (6.3%); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 6/32 (18.

Prognostic Value of Tumor Volume Assessment on PSMA PET After Lu-PSMA Radioligand Therapy Evaluated by PSMA PET/CT Consensus Statement and RECIP 1.0.

Quantitative evaluation of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting PET/CT remains challenging but is urgently needed for the use of standardized PET-based response criteria, such as the PSMA PET/CT consensus statement or Response Evaluation Criteria in PSMA PET/CT (RECIP 1.0). A recent study evaluated the prognostic value of whole-body tumor volume using a semiautomatic method relying on a 50% threshold of lesion SUV (PSMA).

Diffuse Bone Marrow Involvement of Multiple Myeloma on [ 18 F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT : Is There a Theranostic Potential?

A 71-year-old man presented with chronic anemia (hemoglobin 7.3 g/dL). Further serum analyses showed elevated prostate-specific antigen (13 ng/mL), suggestive of prostate cancer.

Bone marrow impairment during early [Lu]PSMA-617 radioligand therapy: Haematotoxicity or tumour progression?

Background: The recent phase III VISION-trial confirms the treatment efficacy of radioligand therapy with [Lu]PSMA-617 (PSMA-RLT) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In PSMA-RLT, the relatively low absorbed bone marrow dose allows for multiple therapy cycles with relatively low risk of haematological adverse events (hAE). However, as disease progression itself may be a cause of bone marrow impairment, the aim of this study was to assess potential relations between impairment of haematological status and response to PSMA-RLT.

Expression of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in Breast Cancer.

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising protein for breast cancer patients. It has not only been detected in prostate cancer but is also expressed by tumor cells and the endothelial cells of tumor vessels in breast cancer patients. PSMA plays a role in tumor progression and tumor angiogenesis.

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist [Ga]RM2 PET/CT for Staging of Pre-Treated, Metastasized Breast Cancer.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist [Ga]RM2 has shown to be a promising imaging method for primary breast cancer (BC) with positive estrogen receptor (ER) status. This study assessed tumor visualization by [Ga]RM2 PET/CT in patients with pre-treated ER-positive BC and suspected metastases.

Methods: This retrospective pilot study included eight female patients with initial ER-positive, pre-treated BC who underwent [Ga]RM2 PET/CT.

Development of Discordant Hypermetabolic Prostate Cancer Lesions in the Course of [Lu]PSMA Radioligand Therapy and Their Possible Influence on Patient Outcome.

Introduction: Positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is crucial for the assessment of adequate PSMA expression in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) prior to PSMA radioligand therapy (PSMA RLT). Moreover, initial dual tracer staging using combined PSMA and [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT provides relevant information, since discordant FDG-positive but PSMA-negative (FDG+/PSMA-) lesions constitute a negative prognostic marker of overall survival (OS) after PSMA RLT. However, little is known about the prognostic implications of dual tracer imaging for restaging at follow-up.

Assessing Response to [Lu]PSMA Radioligand Therapy using modified PSMA PET Progression Criteria.

Positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) targeting the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) plays a key role in staging of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Moreover, it is not only used for the assessment of adequate PSMA expression of PCa cells before PSMA-targeting radioligand therapy (PSMA RLT) but also for re-staging during the course of therapy to evaluate response to treatment. Whereas no established criteria exist for systematic response evaluation so far, recently proposed PSMA PET Progression (PPP) criteria might fill this gap.

Prognostic implications of dual tracer PET/CT: PSMA ligand and [F]FDG PET/CT in patients undergoing [Lu]PSMA radioligand therapy.

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) with Lu-labeled PSMA ligands has achieved remarkable results in advanced disease stages of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, not all patients benefit from this therapy. Different treatment responses could be explained by tumor heterogeneity triggered by progression and the number of prior treatments.

Association between gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expression as assessed with [Ga]Ga-RM2 PET/CT and histopathological tumor regression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer.

Introduction: The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor is overexpressed in breast cancer (BC) tissue and can be visualized by positron emission tomography (PET) using the GRPR antagonist [Ga]Ga-RM2. This study assessed tumor binding of RM2 before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in primary BC with reference to residual tumor size in the resected specimen.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, five female patients with biopsy-confirmed estrogen receptor (ER)-positive primary BC (one with bilateral tumors) underwent [Ga]Ga-RM2 PET/CT before and after NAC.

Detection of Insulinomas Using Dual-Time-Point 68Ga-DOTA-Exendin 4 PET/CT.

Purpose: Insulinomas are predominantly benign neuroendocrine tumors originating from beta cells within the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas. Because surgical resection represents the only curative therapy option, exact tumor localization and discrimination of insulinomas from focal or diffuse manifestations of congenital hyperinsulinism are crucial for optimal treatment strategies. We investigated the diagnostic value of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor PET/CT using Ga-DOTA-exendin 4 for detecting insulinomas and compared the diagnostic value of PET scans performed at 2 time points.

Determination of whole-body tumour burden on [68Ga]PSMA-11 PET/CT for response assessment of [177Lu]PSMA-617 radioligand therapy: a retrospective analysis of serum PSA level and imaging derived parameters before and after two cycles of therapy.

Aim:  In patients with metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer a reliable imaging-based therapy response assessment in addition to PSA kinetics is desirable. Recently, measurements of whole-body tumour burden by [Ga]PSMA-11 PET/CT have been reported for response assessment in oligometastasic patients. The present study investigated the association of PSMA PET derived parameters and serum PSA level before and after [Lu]PSMA-617 radioligand therapy (RLT).