Modifications of recognition memory processes in preterm children: an event-related potential study.

Prematurity may cause hippocampal compromise. Therefore, hippocampus-dependent memory processes (recollection-based retrieval) may be more impaired than hippocampus-independent processes (familiarity-based retrieval). The memory of 18 children born preterm with reduced hippocampal volumes, without neonatal complications (weeks of gestation < 34, weight < 1,600 g), and 15 controls (8-10 years) was tested using an item recognition task.

Timing matters: age-related changes in episodic retrieval control as revealed by event-related potentials.

The retrieval of information from episodic memory involves the engagement of pre-retrieval control processes that facilitate the recovery of task-relevant information. The development of these processes was investigated here by comparing neural correlates of retrieval orientation between 13-14-year-old adolescents and young adults. In each age group, event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by new test pictures were contrasted across two recognition memory tasks (specific vs.

Alterations in the relationship between hippocampal volume and episodic memory performance in preterm children.

This study examines the relationship between episodic memory and hippocampal volume (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] volumetry) in preterm children with uncomplicated neonatal courses (<34 weeks of gestation, birth weight <2,000 g) and controls (7-11 years). To examine episodic memory performance and retrieval processes, neuropsychological tests and a recognition experiment were used. Although preterm children showed reduced hippocampal volumes relative to controls by 12%, episodic memory accuracy was not reduced.

Electrophysiological evidence for late maturation of strategic episodic retrieval processes.

Improvement in source memory performance throughout development is thought to be mediated by strategic processes that facilitate the retrieval of task-relevant information. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we examined developmental changes in these processes during adolescence. Adolescents (13-14 years) and adults (19-29 years) completed a memory exclusion task which required the discrimination between words studied in one color ('targets') and words studied in the alternative color ('non-targets') under two conditions that put different demands on strategic control.

Neural correlates of recognition memory in children with febrile seizures: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Febrile seizures (FS) are assumed to not have adverse long-term effects on cognitive development. Nevertheless, FS are often associated with hippocampal sclerosis which can imply episodic memory deficits. This interrelation has hardly been studied so far.

Developmental changes in item and source memory: evidence from an ERP recognition memory study with children, adolescents, and adults.

Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of item and source memory were assessed in 18 children (7-8 years), 20 adolescents (13-14 years), and 20 adults (20-29 years) performing a continuous recognition memory task with object and nonobject stimuli. Memory performance increased with age and was particularly low for source memory in children. The ERP difference between first presentations of objects and nonobjects, reflecting generic novelty processing, showed only small developmental changes.

Infant febrile seizures: changes in declarative memory as revealed by event-related potentials.

Objective: According to a widespread opinion the vast majority of infant febrile seizures (IFS) are harmless. However, IFS are often associated with hippocampal sclerosis, which should lead to deficient episodic memory with spared context-free semantic memories. Although IFS represent the most common convulsive disorder in children, these consequences are rarely examined.

The development of selective inhibitory control: the influence of verbal labeling.

The role of language in the development of selective inhibitory control was examined in four groups: Children aged 7-9 years, children aged 11-13 years, adults aged 20-27 years, and adults aged 62-76 years. We used a modified stop-signal task in which participants inhibited or executed responses based on a visual signal. Response execution and inhibition were assessed by measurement of reaction times (RTs) and error rates to a go signal and RTs to a stop signal.

Remediation of developmental dyslexia: tackling a basic memory deficit.

Remediation studies of developmental dyslexia are extremely rare. We present a single case study of an 8-year-old German developmental dyslexic boy K.H.

Intra- and inter-item associations doubly dissociate the electrophysiological correlates of familiarity and recollection.

Single-process models of recognition memory posit that recognizing is based on a unidimensional value of global memory strength. By contrast, dual-process models propose the existence of two independent processes subserving the explicit recognition of previously encountered episodes, namely "familiarity" and "recollection." Familiarity represents a noncontextual form of recognition that may only support the retrieval of associative information when the to-be-associated information can be unitized, such as when two photographs depicting the same person are memorized (intra-item associations).